中国共产党维护与收回海关主权的基本主张、实践斗争及历史意义(1921—1927)

The Claim,Practice and Evaluation of the Communist Party of China(CPC)on Safeguarding and Recovering Customs Sovereignty from 1921 to 1927

1921-1927年,中国共产党成立初期就高度重视维护与收回海关主权问题,提出了一系列正确主张:一是揭露了西方列强侵夺中国海关主权表现及其危害,二是提出了维护与收回海关主权的基本举措。同时还积极投身当时有关维护与收回海关主权的斗争,在实践中贯彻落实党的基本主张,为维护与收回海关主权做出了重要贡献。上述有关维护与收回海关主权的主张与实践具有非常重要的历史意义,反映了当时中国经济与社会发展的艰难困境,促进了国共维护与收回海关主权统一战线的建立,指明了以人民群众为主体的关税自主运动的发展方向,推动广州及南京国民政府在一定程度上维护与收回了部分海关主权;同时体现了鲜明特点:注意将近期目标与长远目标相结合、原则性与策略性相结合、重点与非重点相结合、根本手段与辅助措施相结合。

From 1921 to 1927,the CPC attached great importance to the maintenance and recovery of Customs sovereignty,and put forward a series of correct propositions:first,it exposed encroachment of Western powers’on China’s customs sovereignty and its consequences;second,it put forward the basic measures to maintain and recover customs sovereignty.At the same time,the CPC actively participated in the great struggle of safeguarding and recovering customs sovereignty at that time,implemented the party’s basic proposals in practice,and made important contributions to safeguarding and recovering customs sovereignty.These proposals and practices have important historical significance,which reflected the difficult situation of China’s economic and social development at that time,promoted the establishment of the united front of the Kuomintang and the CPC to safeguard and recover the customs sovereignty,pointed out the development direction of the customs independent movement with the people as the main body,and urged the Guangzhou and Nanjing national governments to safeguard and recover part of the customs sovereignty to a certain extent.At the same time,from the perspective of basic characteristics,attention should be paid to the combination of the following aspects:short-term and long-term goals,principle and strategy,key and non-key points,and fundamental and auxiliary means.