农村老年人老化期望的潜在剖面分析及影响因素研究

Latent profile analysis of expectation regarding aging among rural elderly and its influencing factors

目的 分析农村老年人老化期望潜在类别及影响因素。方法 采用老化期望量表、老年人夫妻依恋问卷和一般疏离感量表对湖南省6个农村的437名老年人进行调查,采用潜在剖面分析建立了3个农村老年人老化期望潜在类别模型,采用无序多元Logistic回归分析探讨农村老年人老化期望潜在类别的影响因素。结果 农村老年人老化期望分为“低老化期望组”(13.96%)、“中老化期望组”(37.07%)、“高老化期望组”(48.97%)3种潜在类别,多元Logistic回归分析显示,子女性别(OR=0.480、0.014)、慢性病患病数量(OR=0.300)、依恋安全(OR=0.776、1.187)、依恋回避(OR=1.225、1.094)与一般疏离感(OR=1.133、0.955、0.843)为各农村老年人老化期望潜在类别的影响因素。结论 农村老年人老化期望位于中等水平,3个类别在子女性别、慢性病患病数量、依恋安全、依恋回避和一般疏离感上具有显著差异。提示社会应当正视女儿在老年人养老过程中的重要作用,基层卫生机构应当加强农村老年人的慢性病管理知识普及;夫妻应当重视形成依恋关系解决回避困境,积极表达自身情绪,基层护理人员应对社交关系薄弱的农村老年人给予社交活动指导。

Objective To analyse the potential categories and influencing factors of aging expectation of the rural elderly.Methods To-tally,437 elderly people from 6 rural areas in Hu'nan Province were investigated by using aging expectation scale,elderly couple attachment questionnaire and general alienation scale.Three potential category models of aging expectation of rural elderly were established by potential profile analysis,and disordered multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of aging expectation category of rural elderly.Results The aging expectations of the elderly in rural areas were divided into three potential categories:"low aging expectation group"(13.96%),"middle aging expectation group"(37.07%),and"high aging expectation group"(48.97%).Disordered multiple Logis-tic regression analysis showed that gender of children(OR=0.480,0.014),prevalence of chronic diseases(OR=0.300),attachment safety(OR=0.776,1.187),attachment avoidance(OR=1.225,1.094)and general alienation(OR=1.133,0.955,0.843)were influencing factors of potential profile categories of aging expectations of the elderly in rural areas.Conclusion The aging expectation of the rural elderly is at the medium level,and the three categories have significant differences in gender of children,the number of chronic diseases,attachment secur-ity,attachment avoidance,and general alienation.It is suggested that the society should face up to the important role of daughters in the process of old-age care,and the basic health institutions should strengthen the knowledge popularization of chronic disease management of the elderly in rural areas.Couples should attach importance to forming attachment relationship to solve avoidance difficulties,and actively express their emotions.Primary care workers should guide rural elderly people with weak social relations on social activities.