大兴安岭汗马保护区原麝冬季采食资源可获得性分析

Analysis on Availability of Siberian Musk Deer Feeding Resources in Winter in Hanma Reserve of Greater Khingan Mountains

2022年2—3月,在内蒙古大兴安岭汗马国家级自然保护区开展原麝(Moschus moschiferus)野外调查和粪便样本采集,共收集疑似原麝新鲜粪便样本36份,经分子生物学方法确定原麝粪便样本33份,同时采集14种原麝可采食的植物样本。通过食性分析,测定可采食植物的宏营养和微营养含量,定量食物可获得性和可食植物的营养含量,以探究原麝冬季食性及食物资源可获得性。结果表明:不同种类食物组成比例和食物可获得性存在差异,地衣是原麝冬季大宗食物(50.65%),环境中食物可获得性不是决定食物组成比例的主要因素;原麝冬季首先从环境中摄取碳水化合物和Na含量高的草本类植物,其次有选择地采食能量、蛋白质及脂肪含量较高的灌木类(含低矮乔木)植物,以达到自身营养物质的均衡和满足特定的营养需求。通过转化的冗余分析(tb-RDA)发现,冬季生境中原麝采食的灌木类(含低矮乔木)与草本类植物的营养供应具有显著差异,且生境植物总结构性碳水化合物(TSC)和总能(GE)显著影响原麝冬季食物组成。研究结果表明冬季生境中原麝采食植物的可获得性及营养和能量分配对原麝采食策略的选择具有重要意义。

From February to March 2022,we carried out a field investigation and fecal sample collection of Siberian musk deer(Moschus moschiferus) in Hanma National Nature Reserve,Greater Khingan Mountains,Inner Mongolia.A total of 36 suspected fresh feces of Siberian musk deer were collected,and 33 of the total samples were identified by molecular biological methods.We collected 14 species of edible plants of Siberian musk deer and determined the content of macronutrition and micro-nutrition of edible plants through food analysis.The food availability and nutrition content of edible plants were quantified to explore the food consumption and food resource availability of Siberian musk deer in winter.The results showed that there were differences in composing proportion of different types of food and food availability.Lichens(account for 50.65%) were the major food of musk deer in winter and availability of food in the environment was not the main factor determining the proportion of food composition.In winter,Siberian musk deer first ingests herbaceous plants with high carbohydrate and Na content from the environment,and then selectively feeds on shrubs(with short arbor included) with high energy,protein and fat content,in order to achieve the balance of nutrients and meet specific nutritional requirements.The transformation-based redundancy analysis(tb-RDA) showed that there was significant difference in nutrient supply and food composition between shrubs(with short arbor included) and herbals of the grazing plants of Siberian musk deer in winter habitat,and total structural carbohydrate(TSC) and total energy(GE) of plants in the habitat significantly affected the food composition of Siberian musk deer in winter.The results indicated that the availability of grazing plants and the distribution of nutrients and energy were important for the selection of grazing strategies of Siberian musk deer.