中国五省小学生健康知识现状及影响因素分析

Current Situaition and Influencing Factors of Health Knowledge of Primary School Students in Five Provinces in China

目的了解中国五省小学生健康知识现状及影响因素,为小学生健康教育提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,选取浙江、广东、江西、四川、贵州五省1103名三至五年级的小学生进行健康知识问卷调查,并采用多元线性回归分析其影响因素。结果五省1103名小学生的健康知识得分为(12.79±2.55)分。调查结果显示,区域、城乡、独生子女、直接照顾人、年级对健康认知有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果显示,希望在学校开展健康教育活动(β=3.578)、每月进行2次健康教育课(β=2.741)、学校发放过健康知识方面的宣传资料(β=2.563)、健康教育专业授课老师(β=2.387)为小学生健康知识得分的主要影响因素。结论应继续推进健康教育以提高小学生的健康知识水平并培养健康教育老师,尤其要重视乡村地区和低年级小学生的健康教育。

Objective To understand the current situation of health knowledge of primary school students in five provinces of China and the influence factors,in order to provide a scientific basis for the promotion of health education for primary school students.Methods A stratified cluster sampling was used to sample 1103 primary school students in grades 3 to 5 from five provinces(i.e.Zhejiang,Guangdong,Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Guizhou)to conduct a health knowledge survey,then using multiple linear regression analysis to analyze influence factors.Results The mean health cognition score of 1103 primary school students was 12.79±2.55.The findings showed that there were statistically significant between region,urban/rural,one-child status,guardian status,grade,and health cognition(P<0.05).According to the partial regression coefficients,the desire to have health education activities in schools(β=3.578),having health education classes twice per month(β=2.741),receiving the schools distributed promotional materials on health knowledge(β=2.563),and health education classes taught by health education teachers(β=2.387)were the main influence factors on primary school children's health knowledge scores.Conclusion Health education should continue to be promoted in order to raise the level of health knowledge among primary school students,and health education teachers should be trained,especially to emphasize health education for primary school students from rural areas and lower grades.