上海市青浦区1989—2022年职业病发病特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Occupational Diseases in Qingpu District of Shanghai from 1989 to 2022

目的了解上海市青浦区的职业病发病情况,分析职业病发病规律及特征,为做好职业病防治提供科学依据。方法收集青浦区1989—2022年经职业病诊断机构确诊并报告的新发职业病病例信息,运用统计学方法对病例的发病年龄、接害工龄、职业病种类等进行分析。结果上海市青浦区1989—2022年新发职业病601例;接害工龄中位数为4.92年。发病人数居前三位的病种分别为尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病、职业性皮肤病和职业性化学中毒。行业分布以机械行业、化工行业和轻工行业为主;经济类型以集体经济和私有经济为主;企业规模以小型企业为主。不同行业、经济类型、规模企业的病种分布差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。近十年职业病构成有明显变化:职业性眼病发病数明显下降,职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病所占比例有所升高。结论尘肺病与慢性职业中毒仍是青浦区主要职业病,职业性噪声聋发病占比逐渐增加。今后应继续做好重点职业病危害因素的主动监测工作,并有针对性地采取职业病防控措施,以降低职业病的发病风险,切实保障职业人群的健康与权益。

Objective To understand the incidence of occupational diseases in Qingpu District,Shanghai,analyze the regularity and characteristics of occupational diseases,and provide the scientific basis for occupational disease prevention and control.Methods The information of newly diagnosed and reported cases of occupational diseases in Qingpu District from 1989 to 2022 was collected,and the onset age,length of service,types of occupational diseases were analyzed by statistical methods.Results There were 601 new cases of occupational diseases in Qingpu District from 1989 to 2022,and the median of exposed length of service was 4.92 years.The top three diseases were pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases,occupational dermatosis,and occupational chemical poisoning.The distribution of industries were mainly machinery industry,chemical industry and light industry;the economic types were mainly collective economy and private economy;the scale of enterprises was mainly small enterprises.There were statistical differences in the distribution of diseases in enterprises with different industries,economic types and scales(P<0.05).In recent ten years,the composition of occupational diseases had changed obviously;the incidence of occupational eye diseases had decreased obviously;the proportion of occupational otorhinolaryngology oral diseases had increased.Conclusions Pneumoconiosis and chronic occupational poisoning are still the main occupational diseases in Qingpu District,and the incidence of occupational noise deafness is increasing gradually.In the future,actively monitor of key occupational hazards should been continued and take targeted occupational disease prevention and control measures should been taken to reduce the risk of occupational diseases and effectively protect the health and rights of occupational groups.