三明市2018—2022年学校肺结核疫情分析

Analysis of School Tuberculosis Epidemic in Sanming City from 2018 to 2022

目的分析三明市2018—2022年在校学生肺结核疫情情况,为科学有效地制定学校结核病防治措施提供理论依据。方法从“结核病管理信息系统”中导出肺结核患者信息,采用Excel 2007软件进行数据整理,采用SPSS26.0统计软件进行数据分析。结果2018—2022年三明市全市共报告学生肺结核患者146例,报告发病率总体呈下降趋势(趋势χ2=7.63,P<0.05)。学生肺结核患者的男女性别比为1.17:1;发病主要集中在15~21岁,不同学龄阶段学生的肺结核发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),发病率随着学龄增加呈上升趋势(趋势χ2=334.79,P<0.05);学生肺结核患者以转诊为主要发现方式,就诊延迟时间中位数为15天。结论三明市学生肺结核疫情总体均呈下降趋势,但风险仍然存在。建议加强学校管理层面、教师队伍、家长群体的健康防病知识普及,在学生群体中建立做自己“健康第一责任人”的意识,减少就诊延迟,降低肺结核在校园内的传播风险。

Objective To analyze the epidemic of tuberculosis among school students in Sanming City from 2018 to 2022,and to provide the theoretical basis for making scientific and effective measures to prevent and control tuberculosis in schools.Methods The information of pulmonary tuberculosis patients was derived from“Tuberculosis Management Information System”,and the data were sorted by Excel 2007 software and analyzed by SPSS 26.0 statistical software.Results From 2018 to 2022,there were 146 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in the city.The reported incidence showed a downward trend(trendχ2=7.63,P<0.05).The sex ratio of students with pulmonary tuberculosis was 1.17:1.The incidence was mainly concentrated in 15-21 years old.There was a significant difference in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis among students of different school age(P<0.05),and the incidence increased with the increase of school age(trendχ2=334.79,P<0.05).The main way of finding pulmonary tuberculosis among students was referral,and the median delay time was 15 days.Conclusion The epidemic situation of pulmonary tuberculosis among students in Sanming City is generally declining,but the risk still exists.It is suggested to strengthen the health prevention of school management,teachers and parents.