声动力治疗的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospects of Sonodynamic Therapy

癌症因其高发病率和致死率严重危害人类的健康。传统的癌症治疗方法,如手术、放疗和化疗等,存在创伤大、复发率高和毒副作用显著等缺点。因此开发新型的癌症治疗方法迫在眉睫。在众多新型的癌症治疗方法中,光动力治疗(Photodynamic therapy,PDT)因具有无创伤性、低耐药性、低毒性和可消灭隐形肿瘤病灶等优点受到广泛关注。但由于光源难以穿透深层组织,PDT对于深层肿瘤的治疗效果不佳。声动力治疗(Sonodynamic therapy,SDT)利用超声激活声敏剂产生活性氧(Reactive oxygen species,ROS)和碳自由基,从而诱导肿瘤细胞死亡。SDT在保留PDT所有的优点外,还能有效克服PDT组织穿透能力不足的问题,展现出广阔的临床应用前景。该综述概括了SDT可能的机制和声敏剂的类型,总结了SDT发展所面临的挑战,并展望了未来可能的发展方向。

Cancer has posed serious threats to the health of all human beings due to its high morbidi-ty and mortality.However,traditional cancer treatment methods,such as surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy,have encountered the limitations including severe trauma,high recurrence rates and significant toxic side effects.Therefore,it is an urgent need for the development of new cancer treatment method.Among all the new cancer treatments,photodynamic therapy(PDT)has received widespread attention due to its advantages of non-invasiveness,low drug resistance,low toxicity and elimination of the invisible tumor lesions.However,due to the difficulty of light source for penetrat-ing deep tissues,PDT is not effective in the treatment of deep tumors.Sonodynamic therapy(SDT)utilizes ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers to generate reactive oxygen species(ROS)and carbon free radicals,thereby inducing tumor cell death.In addition,SDT not only inherits all the advantag-es of PDT but also effectively overcomes the problem of insufficient tissue penetration of PDT,which shows a broad clinical application prospect.This review outlines the possible mechanisms of SDT and the types of sonosensitizers,summarizes the challenges faced by development of SDT,and looks forward the possible future development direction.