不同灌水量对河西绿洲灌区膜下滴灌水稻产量、耗水特征及水分利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Amount on Yield,Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Rice Under Film Drip Irrigation in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area

在河西绿洲灌区张掖节水农业试验站设置田间试验,研究不同灌水量(525、750、975、1200 mm)对膜下滴灌水稻生长发育、产量、耗水特征及水分利用效率的影响,提出适宜灌水方案,为膜下滴灌水稻水分的高效利用提供技术依据。结果表明,灌水量对水稻生长发育、产量及产量构成因子均有显著影响。在灌水量为975 mm时,水稻产量为5521.6 kg/hm^(2),仅比最高产量(1200 mm灌水量处理)降低2.23%,但比525、750 mm灌水量处理分别显著提高198.37%、42.98%;该灌水量下,水分利用效率最高,达5.28 kg/(hm^(2)·mm),显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。根据耗水强度、水分敏感指数确定水稻拔节孕穗期、抽穗扬花期是需水关键时期。综合分析提出,水稻全生育期适宜灌水量为975 mm,在苗期、分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗扬花期、灌浆期、成熟期各生育阶段灌水量分别为193、219、236、96、154、77 mm,是河西绿洲灌区既保证水稻高产,又保证水分高效利用的适宜灌水方案。

Field experiments were conducted at the Zhangye water-saving agricultural experimental station in the Hexi oasis irrigation area to study the effects of different irrigation amounts(525、750、975、1200 mm)on the growth,yield,water consumption characteristics,and water use efficiency of rice under film drip irrigation and propose appropriate irrigation schemes,so as to provide technical basis for the efficient use of water in rice under film drip irrigation.The results showed that irrigation amount had a significant impact on rice growth and development,yield,and yield components.When the irrigation amount was 975 mm,the rice yield was 5521.6 kg/hm^(2),which was only 2.23%lower than the highest yield(W4 treatment),but significantly increased by 198.37%and 42.98%compared to W1 and W2 treatments.Under this irrigation amount,the water use efficiency was the highest,reaching 5.28 kg/(hm^(2)·mm),significantly higher than other treatments.According to water consumption intensity and water sensitivity index,it is determined that the jointing and booting stage,heading and flowering stage are the key periods for water demand in rice.Based on comprehensive analysis,it is proposed that the suitable irrigation amount for the entire growth period of rice is 975 mm,and the irrigation amount at the seedling stage,tillering stage,jointing stage,heading and flowering stage,filling stage,and mature stage of rice is 193、219、236、96、154、77 mm,respectively.This is a suitable irrigation scheme for the Hexi oasis irrigation area to ensure both high yield of rice and efficient water use.