清代徽州里甲赋役文书研究——基于黄山学院图书馆馆藏资料

A Study on the Taxes and Corvee Documents of Lijia in Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty——Based on the Materials Collected in the Huangshan University Library

查阅黄山学院图书馆馆藏清代徽州里甲赋役文书,发现在清代有些地区鱼鳞图册都保区划依然留存使用,一都十保并非定制,一保也并非一个鱼鳞字号,一个鱼鳞字号也并非仅在一保,图甲编制也可能并非一图十甲,在实践中可以灵活变通;清代里甲制演变为图甲制,宗族通过垄断总户、管理子户来获取地方事务管理权,户籍、户役具有身份约束性;由于徽州保甲的组织编制未能脱离图甲的框架,保甲职能的履行表现为保役按图甲轮流充当,即“保从里转”;徽州的均图、增图与分保反映了地方族姓之间的利益冲突与整合。

According to the Taxes and Corvee documents of Lijia in Huizhou in the Qing Dynasty in the library of Huangshan University,the administrative divisions of Du-bao based on the Fish Scale Atlas is still preserved and used in some regions during the Qing Dynasty.One Du of ten Bao is not immutable regulations,and one Bao could have several identifiers of Fish Scale Atlas.An identifier of Fish Scale Atlas is not just located in one Bao.At the same time,the organization of Tujia may not be one Tu of ten Jia,and all of these can be flexibly adjusted in practice.When the Lijia system evolved into the Tujia system in the Qing Dynasty,Clans obtain local affairs management power by monopolizing the main household and managing sub households,so registered residence and household service have identity constraints.Due to the fact that the organizational structure of Huizhou Baojia did not break away from the framework of Tujia,Baojia corvee shall be borne in rotation according to Tujia,that is,“the protection is transferred from the inside”.Juntu,Zengtu and Fenbao in Huizhou reflect the conflict and integration of interests between the local clans.