老化期望在社区老年人感知年龄歧视与健康状况间的中介效应

The mediation effect of expectations regarding aging on elderly in community to sense age discrimination and healthy situation

目的了解社区老年人感知年龄歧视、老化期望、健康状况现状,分析老化期望的影响因素,并探讨老化期望在社区老年人感知年龄歧视和健康状况间的中介效应。方法于2022年2月至10月采用多阶段分层抽样法,选取十堰市3个社区406名老年人,采用一般资料调查问卷、感知年龄歧视问卷、老化期望量表、简明健康状况调查表进行问卷调查。结果45.81%的社区老年人表示在过去1年里曾感知过年龄歧视,社区老年人老化期望得分为(30.97±9.16)分,健康状况得分为(61.76±13.30)分;Pearson相关性分析显示,感知年龄歧视与老化期望呈负相关(r=-0.353,P<0.001),老化期望与健康状况呈正相关(r=0.409,P<0.001),感知年龄歧视与健康状况呈负相关(r=-0.419,P<0.01);多元线性回归分析显示,主要经济来源(B=1.092,P<0.05)、子女数(B=-1.426,P<0.05)、感知年龄歧视(B=4.200,P<0.001)是社区老年人老化期望影响因素;感知年龄歧视可以直接负向预测健康状况,老化期望在社区老年人感知年龄歧视与健康状况间起部分中介作用,中介效应为-0.253,占总效应的58.14%。结论社区老年人健康状况应引起重视,社区工作者可从老化期望入手,提升社区老年人老化期望水平,从而削弱感知年龄歧视对健康状况的影响,最终达到改善社区老年人健康状况的目的。

Objective To understand perceived ageism,expectation regarding aging and health status of the elderly in the community,analyze the influencing factors of ERA,and explore the mediating effect of aging expectation on the ERA and health status of the elderly in the community.Methods A total of 406 older people from three communities in Shiyan City were selected as research objects by multi-stage stratified sampling from Feb.to Oct.2022.General data questionnaire,the Perceived Ageism Questionnaire,The 12-Item Expectation Regarding Aging and the 36-item Short Form Health Survey Scale were used for questionnaire survey.Results About 45.81%of older people in the community had experienced perceived ageism in the past year.The ERA score of the elderly in the community was(30.97±9.16),and the health status score was(61.76±13.30).Pearson correlation analysis showed that perceived age discrimination was negatively correlated with ERA(r=-0.353,P<0.001).There was a positive correlation between ERA and health status(r=0.409,P<0.001),and a negative correlation between perceived age discrimination and health status(r=-0.419,P<0.01).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the main economic source(B=1.092,P<0.05),number of children(B=-1.426,P<0.05),perceived ageism(B=4.200,P<0.001)were the factors affecting the expectation of aging in the community.Perceived Ageism can directly negatively predict health status.ERA played a partial mediating role in the relationship between Perceived Ageism and health status of the elderly in the community.The mediating effect was-0.253,accounting for 58.14%of the total effect.Conclusion Attention should be paid to the health status of the elderly in the community.Community workers can improve the aging expectation level of the elderly in the community by starting from the aging expectation,so as to weaken the influence of perceived age discrimination on health status and finally achieve the purpose of improving the health status of the elderly in the community.