社区老年人自我忽视类型及特征的聚类分析

Cluster analysis of types and characteristics of self-neglect among elderly in community

目的探讨社区老年人自我忽视的类型,分析不同类型的影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法抽取温州市某社区老年人206名,使用一般人口学资料问卷、老年自我忽视评估问卷、社会支持评定量表以及老年人自我护理能力量表进行调查。通过聚类分析法对自我忽视进行分类,采用有序多分类Logistic回归分析自我忽视各类型的影响因素。结果社区老年人自我忽视可分为3种类型:Ⅰ型为无自我忽视型(22.82%);Ⅱ型为低自我忽视型(45.15%);Ⅲ型为高自我忽视型(32.04%)。家庭人均月收入、慢性病数目、与子女关系、社会支持、自我护理能力是社区老年人自我忽视类型的影响因素(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论社区老年人自我忽视存在明显的分类特征,社区医务人员应注重不同人群自我忽视的特点并结合影响因素实施针对性干预措施,以期降低社区老年人自我忽视水平。

Objective To explore the categories of self-neglect among elderly in community and analyze its influencing factors.Methods A total of 206 elderly in one community from Wenzhou were recruited by convenience sampling method and investigated by the basic information questionnaire,Elder Self-Neglect Assessment,Social Support Rating Scale,Self-Care Ability Scale for the Elderly.Cluster analysis and ordered multiple Logistic regression were used to explore the categories of self-neglect.Results The self-neglect among elderly in community could be categorized into 3 types:no self-neglect(22.82%),low self-neglect(45.15%),high self-neglect(32.04%).Income level,number of chronic diseases,relationship with children,social support and self-care ability were factors affecting the categories of self-neglect among elderly in community(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion The classification characteristics among elderly in community are obvious.Community health workers should implement targeted interventions based on influencing factors to reduce self-neglect among elderly in community.