五种检测技术在尘肺合并肺结核诊断中的应用价值

The application value of five testing techniques in the diagnosis of pneumoconiosis combined with pulmonary tuberculosis

目的探讨痰涂片找抗酸杆菌、痰利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Xpert MTB/RIF)、分枝杆菌菌种鉴定、痰抗酸杆菌培养和血γ-干扰素释放检测技术(TB-IGRA)5种检测技术在尘肺合并肺结核临床诊断中的应用价值。方法纳入2016年7月—2021年5月在厦门大学附属第一医院住院治疗的尘肺合并肺结核患者,按照尘肺患者是否合并肺结核,将患者分为尘肺组(156例)和尘肺合并肺结核组(111例);比较两组患者的性别、年龄、接尘时间等一般资料,以及患者痰涂片、Xpert MTB/RIF、分枝杆菌菌种鉴定、痰培养和TB-IGRA的检测结果,分析尘肺合并肺结核患者5种检测技术阳性检出率的差异及其诊断价值。结果在尘肺合并肺结核组中,TB-IGRA检测方法的阳性检出率最高(81.1%),高于其他4种检测方法(P<0.01);两两联合检测,以Xpert MTB/RIF+TB-IGRA组合的检测方式检出率最高(96.4%),高于其他9种组合(P<0.01)。结论TB-IGRA检测方法对尘肺合并肺结核患者的阳性检出率较高,联合Xpert MTB/RIF检测后可进一步提高诊断效率,对早期诊断尘肺是否合并结核具有重要的临床诊断价值。

Objective To investigate the value of five testing techniques in the clinical diagnosis of pneumoconiosis combined pulmonary tuberculosis,including sputum smear,Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin(Xpert MTB/RIF),identification of Mycobacterium species,sputum acid-fast bacilli culture and tuberculosis-interferon-gamma release assays(TB-IGRA).Methods Patients with pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis who were hospitalized in the First Hospital of Xiamen University from July 2016 to May 2021 were included in the study.The patients were divided into the pneumoconiosis group(156 cases)and pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis group(111 cases)according to whether the pneumoconiosis patients were combined with tuberculosis or not.The general data of the patients in the two groups were compared with respect to gender,age,and dust exposure time,and the results of sputum smears,Xpert MTB/RIF,identification of Mycobacterium species,sputum acid-fast bacilli culture and TB-IGRA were collected to analyze the differences and the diagnostic value in the five testing techniques of the positivity rates for patients who have pneumoconiosis combined with pulmonary tuberculosis.Results In the group with pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis,the positive detection rate of TB-IGRA was the highest(81.1%),which was higher than other 4 testing methods(P<0.01).Combined testing in pairs suggested that the testing method of Xpert MTB/RIF and TB-IGRA combination was the highest(96.4%),significantly higher than the other 9 combinations(P<0.01).Conclusions TB-IGRA has higher positive detection rate for patients with pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis,and diagnostic efficiency can be further improved by combining Xpert MTB/RIF assay testing,which is of great clinical diagnostic value for the early diagnosis of pneumoconiosis combined with tuberculosis.