竞争性适配:县域项目资源下乡的运作机理与路径探索

Competitive Adaptation:Exploring the Operation Mechanism and Path of County Project Resources to the Countryside

乡村振兴背景下如何实现对农村公共品的有效供给成为重要的社会议题。作为一种制度内自上而下供给方式的项目制,在基层运转的过程中呈现“去竞争性”的运作特征,引发供需错配、民众认可度不高等诸多实践困境。湖南省长沙市C县在国家政策的支持下,通过构建项目运作的自主空间、民主化的平台建设、嵌入性的资源输入,促进了项目资源、群众需求、村庄发展的一体化发展,探索出以县域为统筹单位的竞争性适配的公共品供给模式。研究发现竞争性适配的公共品供给模式通过县域的自主性统筹、民主化的项目运作、合法化的项目激励,保障了项目下乡过程中村庄的主体性、干部的积极性、群众的参与性,产生出推动村庄公共品有效供给的项目效能和集体性再生产的治理效能。其所彰显出来的对分散的项目资源进行类别化和在地化的整合、建立合理的项目运作统筹层级、强化项目落地中的竞争机制与民主制度建设等先进经验,对项目制的基层运作、农村公共品的有效供给、基层善治都有一定的借鉴价值。

Under the background of rural revitalization,how to realize the effective supply of rural public goods has become an important social issue.As a top-down supply mode within the system,the project system shows the operation characteristics of“de-competition”in the process of grass-roots operation,which leads to the mismatch of supply and demand,and many practical difficulties of low public recognition.With the support of national policies,C County of Changsha City,Hunan Province promoted the integrated development of project resources,mass demand and village development through the construction of independent space for project operation,democratic platform construction and embedded resource input,and explored a competitive and adaptive public goods supply model with the county as the coordinating unit.It is found that the competitive and adaptive public goods supply mode guarantees the subjectivity of the village,the enthusiasm of cadres and the participation of the masses in the process of project sending to the countryside through the autonomous planning of the county,the democratic project operation and the legalized project incentive,and produces the project efficiency to promote the effective supply of village public goods and the governance efficiency of collective reproduction.The advanced experience of classifying and integrating dispersed project resources locally,establishing a reasonable level of project operation coordination,strengthening the competition mechanism and democratic system construction in the implementation of the project has certain reference value for the grass-roots operation of the project system,the effective supply of rural public goods and good governance at the grass-roots level.