半市场化社区互助养老:农村老年人照料中的集体统筹与实践定位

The Semi-market-oriented Community Mutual Support for the Aged:The Village Collective Coordination and Practice Orientation in the Careof the Elderly in Rural Areas

互助养老实践打破了纯福利型和纯市场化养老模式存在的弊端,但在服务对象和服务内容上仍然存在一定不足。半市场化社区互助养老把市场和社区要素同时纳入,依托村社集体发挥公共角色功能,为高龄老人推荐低龄老人资源,提供低于市场价的半市场化养老服务,成为当前人口老龄化背景下的合适选择。在半市场化社区养老实践中,村社集体不但能够对内外部养老资源进行整合和社会动员,还可以介入养老服务过程,进行居间协调公证、监督养老服务质量、保护照料双方合法权益,强化互助养老的公益属性。半市场化社区互助养老以集体统筹为核心,通过统合政府、市场和家庭等多元主体的角色,为村庄老年人搭建起低成本、高福利的互助养老公共平台。

The practice of mutual support for the elderly,while breaking the drawbacks of pure welfare and pure market pension models,still exhibits deficiencies in its object and content of service.The semi-market-based community mutual support for the aged integrates market and community elements simultaneously.Relying on the collective public role,it recommends resources for the elderly and provides semi-market-based services for the aged at lower prices than market prices.This has become a suitable choice under the current background of population aging.In the practice of semi-market-oriented community pension,village community collective can not only integrate internal and external pension resources and social mobilization,but also intervene in the process of pension service,coordinate notarization,supervise the quality of pension service,protect the legitimate rights and interests of both parties,and strengthen the public welfare attribute of mutual assistance for the elderly.With collective pooling as the core,semi-market-based community mutual support for the aged has built a low-cost and high-welfare mutual support public platform for the elderly in villages by integrating the roles of multiple subjects such as the government,the market and families.