穿山甲肉在中国内地的非法贸易网络及对其实施关键干预措施的启示

The illegal trade network of pangolin meat in Chinese mainland and its implications for the implementation of key interventions

中国是穿山甲(Manis spp.)肉及甲片的主要消费区域之一。针对穿山甲不同形式产品的非法贸易和消费特点制定差异化、精准的保护对策,对于穿山甲物种保护具有重要的促进作用。然而,目前缺乏分别对穿山甲的肉或甲片开展非法贸易和消费特点的研究。本研究通过使用关键词“穿山甲”检索2022年1月11日之前在中国裁判文书网和网络媒体上报道的穿山甲肉的非法贸易案例,对其涉及区域、贸易网络特征及贸易方式等进行了研究。结果发现,穿山甲肉的贸易和消费主要集中在中国南方地区;这些肉主要是由东南亚地区输入我国,少量可能来自查获地。防城港、保山以及德宏是穿山甲肉非法贸易入境的主要陆路通道,而广东和福建的港口和小码头是主要的海运通道。国内防城港、广州和昆明是穿山甲非法贸易网络上的关键城市。本研究的结果可能会受到2013年之前裁判文书网相应案件收录不全以及越久远的网络报道案例丢失越多的数据偏差的影响。根据本研究结果,我们建议:加强中国广西、云南边境口岸以及广东、福建港口、小码头等的货物走私检查和监察力度,提高防城港、广州、保山和德宏出境车辆货物检查率,在中国南方和北方采取差异化的穿山甲保护公众教育措施,同时呼吁东南亚国家加强野生动物保护立法、执法力度和公众教育等措施,是有效遏制中国内地穿山甲肉非法贸易和消费的手段。本研究对于中国的穿山甲物种保护具有较大的实践意义。

Background&Aim:China is one of the main consumption areas of pangolin(Manis spp.)meat and scales.In order to promote the conservation of this taxonomic group,differentiated and precise protection measures based on the illegal trade and consumption characteristics of various pangolin products are essential.However,there is a lack of research on the illegal trade and consumption characteristics of pangolin meat or scales separately.Methods:This study uses the key word“pangolin”to compile the illegal trade cases of pangolin meat reported on the China Judgements Online and network media before January 11,2022.We then use these reports to assess the characteristics of the region,trade network and trade methods.Results:We found that pangolin meat trade and consumption mainly occured in southern China.This meat was mainly imported from Southeast Asia,though a small amount may come from seized area in China.The primary land access points for illegal pangolin meat trade into Chinese mainland are Fangchenggang,Baoshan and Dehong,while ports and small wharves in Guangdong and Fujian are the main sea access areas.Fangchenggang,Guangzhou,and Kunming are the key cities in the illegal pangolin trade network in Chinese mainland.The validity of these results may be affected by the incomplete inclusion of corresponding cases on the judicial documents website before 2013 and biases present the older reported cases on the internet.Suggestions:Based on the results presented here,we suggest enhancing the inspection of border ports in Guangxi and Yunnan and wharves in Guangdong and Fujian,China.Measures such as improving the outbound vehicle inspection rate in Fangchenggang,Guangzhou,Baoshan,and Dehong and adopting differentiated public education on pangolin protection in Southern and Northern China.While it is important to continue to call on Southeast Asian countries to strengthen wildlife protection legislation,law enforcement and public education measures are considered effective additional means of curbing the illegal trade and consumption of pangolin meat in China.