北京市大型真菌物种多样性调查与资源评价

Species diversity and resource evaluation of macrofungi in Beijing

大型真菌作为生态系统的主要组成部分,具有重要的生态功能与经济价值。本研究于2020–2022年采用样线法和随机踏查法对北京市大型真菌资源进行调查,共采集标本5,448份。通过形态学与分子生物学方法鉴定物种608种,进一步结合相关文献资料确定北京市大型真菌共619种,隶属于2门6纲22目93科277属,其中担子菌门595种,子囊菌门24种,中国新记录种5种,北京新记录种120种。基于以上物种名录开展物种组成和区系地理分析以及资源评价,结果表明:含10种以上的优势科共19科,占总物种数的59.61%,主要有:蘑菇科、多孔菌科、小脆柄菇科、红菇科、口蘑科等;含5种以上的优势属有33属,占总物种数的38.13%,主要有:丝膜菌属(Cortinarius)、裸脚伞属(Gymnopus)、丝盖伞属(Inocybe)、白环蘑属(Leucoagaricus)、红菇属(Russula)等。北京市大型真菌以世界广布属(61.37%)和北温带分布属(31.05%)为主,其次是泛热带分布属(5.42%)。北京市共有食用菌71种、药用菌43种、有毒菌22种、食药兼用菌45种。本研究结果为北京市大型真菌的物种多样性保护以及资源利用提供了科学依据。

Aims:As the main component of ecosystem,macrofungi have important ecological functions and economic values.In this study,we aim to understand the species diversity,compositions,and resources of macrofungi in Beijing by performing comprehensive investigations,identifications,and analyses.Methods:The macrofungal investigations were carried out in 2020–2022 by using line transect and random sampling methods.Specimens were identified by using morphological and molecular methods,and the complete list of macrofungi in Beijing was obtained based on both identification results and literature surveys.Species composition analyses,floristic geographical component analyses and resource evaluations were carried out based on the list by using statistical methods and literature surveying.Results:A total of 5,448 specimens were collected,and 608 species were identified.The complete list of macrofungi in Beijing containing 619 species belong to 277 genera,93 families,22 orders,6 classes,2 phyla.Among all the species,24 belong to Ascomycota,595 belong to Basidiomycota,five were records new to China,120 were new to Beijing.There were 19 dominant families with more than 10 species,accounting for 59.61%of the total species,including Agaricaceae,Polyporaceae,Psathyrellaceae,Russulaceae,Tricholomataceae,and so on.There were 33 dominant genera with more than 5 species,accounting for 38.13%of the total species,including Cortinarius,Gymnopus,Inocybe,Leucoagaricus,Russula,and so on.Cosmopolitan,north temperate,and pantropical genera accounted for 61.37%,31.05%,and 5.42%,respectively.There were 71 edible,43 medicinal,22 poisonous,45 both edible and medicinal fungi.Conclusion:The species diversity of macrofungi in Beijing is high,and the economic resources are rich.The geographical composition of the flora reflects typical north temperate distribution characteristics.The species number of macrofungi in Beijing could be increased in the future since some large genera of mushrooms,such as,Cortinarius,Entoloma,Inocybe,Russula have not been sufficiently studied.