稻虾种养新模式对稻田土壤肥力和微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of a New Rice-Shrimp Farming Model on Soil Fertility and Microbial Community Structure in Paddy Field

为探究稻虾种养新模式对稻田土壤肥力和微生物群落组成的影响,基于稻田土壤理化指标测定和16SrDNA扩增子高通量测序技术,比较稻虾种养新模式(NRS)、稻虾种养传统模式(TRS)和水稻单作模式(CK)对稻田土壤理化指标和微生物多样性和群落结构的影响。结果显示:与CK和TRS相比,稻虾种养新模式能显著提高土壤pH、有机质、有效磷、速效钾含量和土壤微生物多样性和丰富度。与CK相比,NRS稻田土壤细菌优势菌门中的酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和疣微菌门相对丰度分别增加30.89%、36.38%和2.16%,变形菌门和脱硫菌门相对丰度分别降低17.96%和58.59%。与TRS相比,NRS稻田土壤细菌优势菌门中的脱硫菌门相对丰度增加14.93%,绿弯菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门和酸杆菌门相对丰度分别降低39.29%、37.42%、16.27%和6.81%。相关性分析表明,土壤有机质、速效氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH是影响稻田土壤微生物群落结构的主要理化因子。以上研究表明,稻虾种养新模式有利于提升稻田土壤肥力,显著提高了稻田土壤微生物多样性和改善微生物群落结构;研究结果对稻虾种养新模式的示范推广具有一定的指导意义和参考价值。

【Objective】This study was designed to explore the impact of a new rice-shrimp farming model(NRS)on soil fertility and microbial community composition in paddy field.【Method】Three different farming treatments:new rice-shrimp farming model(NRS),traditional rice-shrimp farming model(TRS)and rice monoculture(CK)were set up,with CK as control.The paddy field physicochemical indexes and microbial diversity and community structure were determined by using the soil agrochemical analysis method and 16S rDNA amplicon high-throughput sequencing technology.【Result】Compared with CK and TRS,NRS significantly improved the contents of soil organic matter,available K,available P and pH.NRS significantly increased the microbial diversity and species richness.A total of 32 phyla,80 classes,202 orders,347 families and 491 genera of bacterial groups were detected in the paddy field of three models.The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria,Acidobacteriota,Chloroflexi,Verrucomicrobiota and Desulfobacterota.Compared with CK,NRS changed the composition of the soil microbial community.Among the bacterial dominant phyla,the relative abundances of Acidobacteria,Chloroflexi and Verrucomicrobiota were increased by 30.89%,36.38%and 2.16%,while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Desulfobacteria decreased by 17.96%and 58.59%,respectively.Compared with TRS,NRS also changed the composition of the soil microbial community.Among the bacterial dominant phyla,the relative abundances of Desulfobacteria increased by 14.93%,while the relative abundance of Chloroflexi,Verrucomicrobiota,Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria decreased by 39.29%,37.42%,16.27%and 6.81%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that soil organic matter,available potassium,available phosphorus,available nitrogen and pH were the main physicochemical factors affecting the structure of soil microbial community in paddy field.【Conclusion】The new rice-shrimp farming model is conducive to improving soil fertility,significantly improving soil microbial diversity and altering microbial community structure.The results of this study have certain guiding significance and reference for the demonstration and promotion of the new rice-shrimp farming model.