残疾人就业统计指标体系构建:国际经验及对中国的启示

Construction of a Statistical Indicator System for the Employment of Persons with Disabilities:International Experience and Implications

就业是残疾人实现社会参与和社会融合的重要途径,更是促进残疾人全面发展和实现共同富裕的前提和基础,在新发展阶段,加强残疾人就业统计监测具有重要现实意义。文章系统梳理了国际组织及典型发达国家(英国、瑞典、美国、加拿大、日本和韩国)残疾人就业统计实践及其典型特征,归纳总结了各国残疾人就业统计指标构建中存在的共识与差异。研究发现,共识性体现为“秉承相同理念,遵循相同原则和确立保障制度”,差异性体现为“指标选择差异和统计重心差异”。国际经验启示,我国在构建残疾人就业统计指标体系时需要突破传统的“残疾”认识边界,将“残疾”视角纳入整个社会经济发展统计框架;深度融合残疾人“就业+福利”的理念;建立残疾人就业统计标准,增强残疾人就业统计指标的可比性;增强指标设计的灵活性、时效性和可操作性;建立残疾人就业统计法制保障机制,推动残疾人就业统计的连续性和稳定性。

Employment is an important way for persons with disabilities to realize social participation and social integration,which is also a prerequisite and foundation facilitating their all-round development and common prosperity achievement.It is of great practical significance to strengthen the statistical monitoring of the employment of persons with disabilities in the new development stage.This study systematically reviewed the practices and salient features of employment statistics for persons with disabilities in international organizations and typical developed countries(the United Kingdom,Sweden,the United States,Canada,Japan and South Korea),and summarized the consensus and differences in the construction of statistical indicators for the employment in various countries,and found that the consensus is reflected in“adhering to the same concept,following the same principles and establishing a guarantee system”,while the differences are reflected in“differences in the selection of indicators and the statistical focus”.The international experience indicates that when constructing a China’s national statistical indicator system for the employment of persons with disabilities,it is necessary to expand beyond the traditional boundaries of the understanding of disability,incorporate the perspective of persons with disabilities into the entire statistical framework for socio-economic development,deeply integrate the idea of“employment+welfare”for persons with disabilities,set up statistical standards to enhance the comparability of statistical indicators,improve the flexibility,timeliness and operability of indicator design,and set up legal safeguarding systems to strengthen the continuity and stability of statistics on the employment of persons with disabilities.