免疫层析技术在食物过敏原快速检测中的应用进展

Application of immunochromatography assay in rapid detection of food allergens

食物过敏是重要的公共卫生问题之一,严重威胁着过敏人群的健康,为保障过敏人群食品安全,针对食物过敏原开展检测方法研究尤为必要。近年来,针对食物过敏原的快速检测技术发展迅速,其中,免疫层析技术因其具有检测效率高、成本低、特异性强等优点,在快速检测中得到广泛应用。该文简述了主要食物过敏原及免疫层析技术的检测原理,对食物中植物源性食物过敏原(花生、大豆、小麦和树生坚果过敏原)和动物源性食物过敏原(牛奶、鸡蛋、甲壳类和鱼类过敏原)的免疫层析检测方法进行系统总结,并对其发展方向进行展望。

Food allergy is one of the important public health problems and poses a serious threat to the health of allergic people.To ensure the food safety of allergic people,it is necessary to study the detection method of allergens in food products.In recent years,the rapid detection technology for food allergens has developed rapidly.Among them,the immunochromatographic assay has been widely used for its advantages of high detection efficiency,low cost,and strong specificity.This article described the principle of immunochromatography assay,and systematically summarized the immunochromatographic detection methods of plant-derived allergens(peanuts,soybeans,wheat,and tree nuts allergens)and animal-derived allergens(milk,eggs,crustacean aquatic products,and fish allergens)in food,and prospected its development direction.