基于地理探测器的神府矿区生境质量时空特征及驱动机制分析

Spatial-temporal characteristics and driving mechanisms analysis of habitat quality in Shenfu mining area based on geodetector

我国西部矿区生态环境脆弱,煤炭资源丰富,大规模的开发活动引起一系列的生态环境问题,定量评估其生境质量时空演变,将对我国矿区生态环境保护和健康可持续发展具有重要的现实意义。本文以西部典型矿区神府矿区为例,利用InVEST模型,耦合地理探测器,从矿区整体和不同开采强度两个方面分析矿区生境质量的变化,并探究生境质量空间异质的原因。研究结果表明:①神府矿区整体生境质量良好,等级为良好的生境质量类型占全区面积约为50%;②2005—2018年以来,研究区的平均生境质量由0.4968上升至0.5106,之后又下降至0.4707,整体呈现为先升后降的趋势;③矿区不同开采强度对生境质量的影响不同,低、中强度开采区生境质量变化速率分别高达265.12%,173.21%,远高于极高、高强度开采区和未采区的变化速率;④研究区生境质量变化的主要原因是自然因素和人文因素的协同作用,其中解释力最大的是人口和NDVI的协同,其解释力为0.1637。

The ecological environment in the western mining areas of China is fragile,with coal resources being abundant.Large-scale development activities have caused a series of ecological and environmental problems.Quantitatively evaluating the spatiotemporal evolution of the habitat quality will be of practical significance for the protection of ecological environment and healthy sustainable development in our country’s mining areas.Taking the typical mining area of Shenfu in the western region as an example,this article uses the InVEST model and couples it with the geographic detector to analyze the changes in habitat quality in the mining area from both the overall perspective and different mining intensities,with the reasons for the spatial heterogeneity of habitat quality explored.The results show that:①The overall habitat quality in the Shenfu mining area is good,with the habitat quality type of good accounting for about 50%of the total area.②From^(2)005—2018,the average habitat quality of the study area has increased from 0.4968 to 0.5106 and then decreases to 0.4707,showing a trend of initial increase and subsequent decrease.③Different levels of mining intensity have different effects on habitat quality.The rate of change in habitat quality in low and medium mining intensity areas are as high as 265.12%and 173.21%,respectively,far higher than that in high and extremely high mining intensity areas and non-mining areas.④The main reason for the change of habitat quality in the study area is the synergy of natural factors and human factors,among which the greatest determining force is the synergy of population and NDVI,which is 0.1637.