基于“2-4”模型的高校火灾原因分析——以2000—2022年143起高校火灾事故为样本

为预防高校火灾,对2000—2022年143起高校火灾事故进行统计,通过行为安全“2-4”模型进行火灾原因分析,得出直接导致事故的是电器使用不当等19项不安全动作与线路故障等4项不安全物态,间接导致事故的是电器使用习惯不佳等20项习惯性不安全行为,根本上导致事故的是4项安全管理体系的欠缺,根源上导致事故的是9项安全文化元素欠缺和6项安全文化建设不足。根据分析结果,从加强消防安全知识教育培训、健全消防安全管理制度和多样化进行安全文化建设3方面提出高校火灾预防对策。

In order to prevent fire in colleges and universities,143 fire accidents in colleges and universities from^(2)000 to 2022 were statistically analyzed,and the causes of fire were analyzed by Behavior Safety"2-4"Model.it is concluded that 19 unsafe actions such as improper use of electrical appliances and 4 unsafe states such as line faults directly lead to the accident,and 20 habitual unsafe behaviors such as poor use of electrical appliances indirectly lead to the accident.The root cause of the accident is the lack of four safety management systems,and the root causes of the accident are the lack of 9 safety culture elements and 6 safety culture construction.According to the analysis results,this paper puts forward the fire prevention countermeasures in colleges and universities from three aspects:strengthening the education and training of fire safety knowledge,perfecting the fire safety management system and diversifying the construction of safety culture.