浅析《临证指南医案》药引应用特色

Analysis about Guiding Medicine Application Characteristics in Linzheng Zhinan Yian

药引是中医方剂配伍的核心组成部分,能够提高方剂的临床疗效、扩大方剂的运用范围、引导药物趋向病所、减轻药物不良反应以及顾护中焦脾胃。叶天士《临证指南医案》所涉猎的药引取材范围广泛,包括调品味、粮食类、果蔬类、酒水类、动物类、乳酪蛋类和中药类,以简便廉验为运用特点,药引多与药物共入煎剂,也采用冲服饮用或者辅药制丸的方法。针对不同药物特性、功能主治、炮制方法,并根据病变部位、病情变化和时间变化,药引的选择灵活多变。枣类为药引,多能补虚;盐类为药引,多为入肾;酒类为药引,多为活血祛瘀;姜类为药引,功效各有侧重。该文系统梳理了《临证指南医案》药引运用特色,明确药引的正确应用方法,以期为拓展药引的临床运用范围提供借鉴。

Guiding medicine is the core component of TCM prescription compatibility,which can improve the clinical efficacy of prescriptions,expand the application range of prescriptions,guide drugs towards the disease site,reduce drug toxicity and side effects and care for spleen and stomach in the middle energizer.YE Tianshi's Linzheng Zhinan Yian covers a wide range of drug reference materials,including food,fruits,vegetables,drinks,animals,cheeses,eggs and traditional Chinese medicine,and is al-ways characterized by simple and reliable application.Guiding medicine is often decocted together with drugs,it is also used as a decoction for drinking or as a supplement for making pills.According to the processing methods of different drug characteristics,functions and indications,combined with the changes of disease location and time,the selection of drug citation is flexible and var-iable.Jujubes are medicinal herbs that can nourish deficiency.Salt is a medicinal guide,mostly used to enter the kidney.Alcohol is a medicinal herb,mostly used for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.Ginger is a medicinal herb with differ-ent effects.This article systematically summarized the characteristics of the application of drug citations in Linzheng Zhinan Yian,clarified the correct application methods of drug citations and provided reference for expanding the clinical application scope of drug citations.