从“目视的文学”到“耳听的文学”——解放区的方言写作与文体形式的创制

From“Visual Literature”to“Aural Literature”--Dialect Writing and Creation of Stylistic Forms in Liberated Areas

毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表以后,解放区作家在改造自我的思想浪潮中更进一步深入生活、深入民间,作家的思想情感逐渐融入底层老百姓的生活实践,文学创作在不断汲取民间文艺资源中得到本土化与民族化的铸造,诗歌上产生了注重日常口语并诉诸听觉形式的墙头诗及“快板诗”运动,民间说唱艺术也大量渗透到小说文体中,赵树理开创的板话小说体式成为许多小说追摹的对象,新歌剧及新秧歌剧及融说、唱、舞为一体,这些文类在形式上表现出与传统的民间说唱文学更多的历史联系,通过对民间艺术传统的创造性转化,成为老百姓所喜闻乐见的民族文学新形式。方言写作与民间形式的关联进一步凸显了文学对口语和声音的重视,彰显出民族文学之根依然在民间具有强大生命力。

After the publication of Mao Zedong s“Speech at the Yan an Forum on Literature and Art”,writers in the liberated areas went further into life and among people in the ideological wave of self-transformation.The writers thoughts and emotions were gradually integrated into the life practices of the people at the bottom of social order,and the literary creation were localized and nationalized through the continuous absorption of folklore resources.For poetry,there was the movement of wall poetry and“kuaibanshu poetry”that emphasized daily spoken language and resorted to the aural forms.Folk rap art also permeated into the genre of novel.Zhao Shuli pioneered in the style of banhua novels which became the object of imitation for many novels.New operas and new Yangge operas integrated speaking,singing and dancing.These genres showed more historical connections with traditional folk oral art in form.The creative transformation of folk art traditions became a new form of national literature enjoyed by the common people.The connection between dialect writing and folk forms further highlights the emphasis of literature on spoken language and sounds,revealing the strong vitality of national literature that is still deeply rooted in the folk.