论清史《儒林传》扬州学人记载的形成

On the Formation of Yangzhou Scholars Records in the Qing History of The Collected Biographies of Confucian Scholars

扬州学派被视为清代儒学的一个重要派别,研究成果较多。但学界未曾注意到,清史《儒林传》对扬州学人有系统的记载,且形成过程复杂,是该学派研究史的重要一页。本文依据台北故宫博物院藏清史《儒林传》相关档册,从纂修层面揭示清史《儒林传》第一次稿和第四次稿对扬州学人的记载情况。清史《儒林传》第一次稿中,阮元将任大椿为代表的扬州学人群体载入,但该传被删除。光绪年间,清史《儒林传》第四次稿中有八位扬州学人立为正传。这些传记在扬州府呈送的《儒林刘宝楠刘文淇朱士端王念孙汪喜苟焦循凌曙江藩(江苏咨送采访册)》的同名传记基础上删改而成。国史馆纂修官重点改写并表彰了扬州诸儒在《易》《春秋左传》《礼记》《论语》《孟子》等专经研究上的成就,彰显了扬州诸人的“汉学”宗风,突出了他们的地域联系和家族特色。清史《儒林传》虽未用“扬州学派”之名,但已经记载了扬州学派的学风和地缘特色等要素,在正史中确立了扬州学派的史料基础。

The Yangzhou School has always been regarded as an important school of Confucianism in Qing dynasty with abundant research results.However,the scholarly community has not noticed that the Qing history of The Collected Biographies of Confucian Scholars(Ru-lin-Zhuan),reveals the complicated formation process of Yangzhou scholars records,which is of great value for understanding the history of this school.Based on the relevant archives of The Collected Biographies of Confucian Scholars from the Palace Museum in Taipei,this paper reveals the records of Yangzhou scholars in the first and fourth drafts of The Collected Biographies of Confucian Scholars from the compilation level.In the first draft,Ruan Yuan recorded the group of Yangzhou scholars represented by Ren Dachun,but the“Biography of Ren Dachun”was later deleted.During the reign of Emperor Guangxu,there were eight Yangzhou scholars officially recorded in the fourth draft of The Collected Biographies of Confucian Scholars.These biographies were edited and revised on the basis of the biographies of The Scholars Liu Baonan,Liu Wenqi,Zhu Shiduan,Wang Niansun,Wangxi,Xun Jiao,Ling Shu,Jiang Fan(Jiangsu Consulting and Interview Book),the eponymous work submitted by Yangzhou government.The compiler of the national historical museum focused on rewriting and honoring the research achievememts of the Yangzhou scholars in the study of scriptures such as Yijing,Spring and Autumn Annals and the Commentary of Zuo(Qiuming),Book of Rites,Analects of Confucius and Analects of Mencius,highlighting their geographic connections and family characteristics.Although the name of“Yangzhou School”was not adopted in the fourth draft of The Collected Biographies of Confucian Scholars,such important factors as the research style and geographic features of Yangzhou scholars have been recorded,which provide material basis for the establishment of Yangzhou School in the official history.