解构《厄舍府之倒塌》中生与死的对立

The Deconstruction of the Opposition Between Life and Death in The Fall of the House of Usher

《厄舍府之倒塌》是爱伦·坡作品中表现死亡这一核心概念的经典之作,其文本通过环境、心理、象征等多种手法,显示了生命与死亡之对立力量的相互冲荡,以及权力支配关系的逆转。该文分析了西方社会文化中乐生恶死的传统生死观,并根据德里达对传统形而上学二元对立的解构主义理论,拆解《厄舍府之倒塌》中既定的生与死之二元对立结构,即指明这两者在文中的不稳定的自我解构倾向,并通过生死界限的模糊、力量转化与颠覆的过程完成了对立解构的崩塌。现代社会是复杂的、多义的,一方面是对理性、民主、真理的绝对与一元的追求,另一方面又由于时空的不连贯体验,人们产生了混乱的心理体验,因而表现出多元化和多样性。用二元解构的方式来解读文本,正是与现代性的这种表现相呼应。

The Fall of the House of Usher is a classic of POE's works that expresses the core concept of death.Its text shows the mutual impact of the opposing forces of life and death and the reversal of the relationship of power domination through various means such as environment,psychology and symbol.This paper roughly analyzes the traditional view of life and death that prefers life to death in Western social culture,and disassembles the established binary opposition structure of life and death in The Fall of the House of Usher according to Derrida's deconstruction theory of the traditional metaphysical binary opposition,that is,points out the unstable self-deconstruction tendency of the two in the text,and through the ambiguity of the boundary between life and death,the subversive process of power transformation completes the collapse of the deconstruction of opposites.Modern society is complex and polysemous.On the one hand,it is the absolute and unitary pursuit of rationality,democracy and truth.On the other hand,the incoherent experience of time and space causes people to have chaotic psychological experience,so it shows pluralism and diversity.To interpret the text in the way of dualistic deconstruction is to echo this expression of modernity.