早期阿拉伯语、波斯语文献中的海亚姆形象研究

Research on the Image of Khayyam in Early Arabic and Persian Documents

当爱德华·菲茨杰拉德向英语世界介绍海亚姆的四行诗时,他称海亚姆是“波斯天文学家-诗人”,这成为海亚姆形象研究的重要起点。通过对《四类英才》《历史选集》等著作的研究,我们发现作为职业天文学家的海亚姆,其“诗人”的称谓大约在他去世200年后才逐渐形成。同时,通过对海亚姆同时代的历史学家贝哈基在《知识宝匣的遗珠》一书中为海亚姆所做传记的研究,我们看到海亚姆还有一个更为重要的身份——哲学家。本文拟通过对多部阿拉伯语、波斯语历史文献的研究,确立海亚姆作为天文学家、哲学家及诗人的历史形象,辨析其才学与性情,指明其哲学思想的原则。

When Edward Fitzgerald introduced Omar Khayyam’s quatrains to the English-speaking world,he called the latter a“Persian astronomer-poet”,which became an important starting point for the study of Khayyam’s image.Through the study of works such as Chahār Maqāla and Tārīkh-i Guẕīda,we found that Khayyam,as a professional astronomer,formed the title of“poet”about 200 years after his death.Meanwhile,according to the research on Khayyam’s biography in the book TatimatṢivān al-Ḥikmat by al-Bayhaqī,a contemporary historian of Khayyam,we see that Khayyam has a more important identity,a philosopher.This paper focuses on clarifying the historical image of Khayyam as an astronomer,philosopher and poet through the study of several Arabic and Persian historical documents,to analyze his talents and temperament,and to specify the principles of his philosophical thoughts.