我国个人养老金制度理念、设计和运行的若干问题辨析

Analysis of the Concept,Design and Implementation of Personal Pension System of China

我国个人养老金制度试点一年以来,呈现“三多三少”特点,反映出理念认知、制度设计和管理运行方面存在误区。研究发现个人养老金在层次划界、功能目标、覆盖群体、责任主体、政策支持、账户管理、经办运营、投资选择等八个方面的认知误区和行动偏误,有针对性地提出政策建议,包括明确“层次”和“支柱”双定位,整合“待遇叠加”和“覆盖补缺”双功能,取消以参加基本养老保险为前置条件的限制,鼓励雇主承担匹配缴费责任,整合第二、三支柱的政策优惠,连通第二、三支柱个人账户管理,促进个人养老金产品提供商平等竞争,协助个人投资理性选择。

Since the pilot of China's personal pension system one year ago,it has shown the characteristics of “three more and three inadequacies”,reflecting misunderstandings in conceptual understanding,system design,and management operation.Research has found cognitive misconceptions and action biases in eight aspects of personal pension,including hierarchical delineation,functional goals,coverage groups,responsible parties,policy support,account management,operation,and investment selection.Targeted policy recommendations have been proposed,including clarifying the dual positioning of “tier” and “pillar”,integrating the dual functions of “overlapping benefits” and “implement coverage”,and lifting the restriction on participation in basic pension insurance as a prerequisite,encourage employers to assume matching payment responsibilities,integrate policy incentives for the second and third pillars,connect personal account management for the second and third pillars,promote equal competition among individual pension product providers,and assist individuals in making rational investment choices.