唐代选官制度得失——以科举制为中心的思考

Views on the Gain and Loss in the Tang Dynasty′s Official Selection CenteredOn the Imperial Examination System

选官制度是中国古代官僚运行机制中的重要环节,也是国家治理的一个重要方面。唐代是中国古代政治文明高度发展的时期,其科举制选拔人才具有选拔范围的开放性、选拔标准的全面性等优势,在吸纳人才、促进社会流动、扩大统治基础、维护社会稳定等方面有着积极意义。但唐代科举制也存在忽视公平、选拔的人才行政能力欠缺、忽视道德问题以及科举中的一些陋习易滋生朋党等问题。解决这些问题,需要政府制定并实行实际的选拔标准及规章制度,保障其有效实行。

The official selection system was an important link in the operational mechanism of ancient Chinese bureaucracy and an important aspect of national governance.The Tang Dynasty was a period of highly developed political civilization in ancient China.The imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty had the advantages of openness and comprehensiveness in selection scope and selection standards and had a positive effect in absorbing talents,promoting social mobility,expanding the basis of rule,and maintaining social stability.However,the imperial examination system in the Tang Dynasty also had problems such as neglect of fairness,lack of administrative ability and deficiency of ethical conduct in selected talents,and some corruption tendency in the imperial examination that could easily breed cliques.To solve these problems,it was necessary to establish practical standards among officials and formulate a series of rules and regulations to ensure their effective implementation.