师心与复古之间:湛若水的文学思想与创作

Between the Study of the Mind and Revival of Antiquity:Zhan Ruoshui’s Literary Thought and Creation

作为明代重要心学家,湛若水的文学思想与创作受到其心学思想与仕宦经历的共同影响。湛若水以“心”作为文学的本源,将心学工夫论引入诗文创作,在文道观上强调“德业”与“举业”合一,在性情论上追求情感与道德的协调,是心学家论文的重要一端。同时,受复古思潮的影响,以及湛若水供奉翰林、半生为官,与复古诸子交往的经历等,又使其部分诗文带有复古倾向和台阁遗风。湛若水的文学思想表现出由复古转向师心的趋势,成为沟通师心与复古众多文学思想中的重要一家。

As an important Confucian scholar of the school of the study of the mind in the Ming Dynasty,Zhan Ruoshui’s literary thinking and creation were influenced by his study of the mind and official experiences.Taking the“mind”as the source of literature,he introduced the theory of self-attainment into the creation of poetry,emphasized the unity of morals and worldly pursuits in literary creation,and pursued harmony of emotion and morality in his theory of temperament,which is an important statement in the philosophy of the mind.At the same time,influenced by the retro trend,his experiences in the officialdom and his association with the members of the retro school,some of his poems and essays have a retro tendency and mannerism of the officialdom.Zhan’s literary thought shows the trend of his turning from the retro tendency to the study of the mind,becoming an important branch among the many literary schools that attempted to link the philosophy of the“mind”and the antiquity.