明洪武至永乐年间的对日“涉倭”外交

The Japanese Pirates and the Sino-Japanese Relationship from the Hongwu to Yongle Reign Periods in the Ming Dynasty

明朝建立之初,从元末延续下来的沿海日本海盗猖獗问题一直没有得到有效解决,鉴于严峻的政治形势,明政府希望通过外交手段来平息沿海“倭患”,同时也希望将日本纳入朝贡体系之中。然而这一想法从洪武萌生,几经起落,直至永乐中期才通过建立勘和贸易的方式得以实现。通过对这一时期中日外交演变进行考察,可以窥见从洪武到永乐明政府外交策略的转变,同时也反应了这一时期中日外交本质是围绕“倭患”问题展开的“涉倭”外交。

From the beginning of the Ming Dynasty,the problem of rampant Japanese pirates along its coast,which had extended from the end of the Yuan Dynasty,had not been effectively solved.In light of the severe political situation in the early Ming Dynasty,the Ming govern-ment hoped to solve the problem through diplomatic means,and to bring Japan into the tributary system.However,this vision which emerged during the Hongwu period,experienced several ups and downs,and was not realized until the middle of the Yongle period through exploration and trade.An examination of the evolution of Sino-Japanese diplomacy during this period can reveal the transformation of diplomatic strat-egies from the Hongwu to Yongle reigns,and the essence of Sino-Japanese diplomacy during this period was a"Japan-related"diplomacy centered around the issue of Japanese pirates.