基于飞机状态的备件动态规划技术

Dynamic planning technology of civil spare parts based on aircraft state

伴随民航业的竞争日趋激烈,航空公司迫切需要控制成本以提升效益。民机备件既是直接影响飞行安全的关键因素,备件成本又在航空公司可控成本中占比最高。因此,在保证飞行安全的前提下做好备件规划,对航空公司有至关重要的意义。根据民机备件的安全级别、故障修复时限等对备件分级设置保障率水平,采用符合备件故障特性的马尔可夫生灭过程,建立满足给定保障率水平的备件量计算模型,并在此基础上建立以保障成本最低为目标函数,满足保障率水平为约束函数的备件量动态规划模型。基于飞机状态分析历史故障数据、季节性、日利用率、机队规模对备件保障的影响,在所建模型中将故障率季节性差异、日利用率和飞机停场损失淡旺季差异进行评估以减小计算结果与实际需求的偏差。以H航空公司ERJ-190机型显示组件为例,对所建模型进行应用验证,计算结果与H航空公司运营实际相吻合,证明所建模型可为航空公司备件规划提供技术方法支持。

Civil aircraft spare parts affect flight safety and the cost of spare parts accounts for the highest proportion of airlines'controllable costs.It is significant to make spare parts planning on the premise of ensuring flight safety.A spare parts quantity model is built based on the Markov birth and death process.Supply rates for spare parts are determined according to the spare parts'security level and repair time limit.A spare parts dynamic programming model is established aiming at minimum cost while meeting a certain supply rate.Based on aircraft status,the effect of historical failure data,seasonality,daily utilization rate,and fleet size on spare parts coverage was examined.To reduce the discrepancy between the proposed model’s calculated results and the actual demand,the seasonal differences in failure rate,daily utilization rate,and seasonal differences in aircraft parking losses were evaluated.The proposed model is verified by the example of the ERJ-190 Display Unit.Results are consistent with the actual operation of the airline,which proves that the proposed model can provide technical support for spare parts planning.