政党引领后发国家现代化的内在逻辑、主要类型及基本启示

The Internal Logic,Main Types and Basic Implications of Political Party-Led Modernization in Late Developers

世界上绝大多数国家处于现代化的“进行时”。因后发国家的特殊国情和所处的国际环境,先发国家现代化通常采用的“社会中心主义”和“国家中心主义”两种主导范式在后发国家现代化过程中往往表现不佳,而“政党中心主义”的范式却在后发国家现代化过程中凸显优势。后发国家政党作为引领和推动现代化进程的重要力量,在实践中探索出“政党引领、两翼起飞、系统稳定”的现代化模式,并取得突出成绩。在该模式运行过程中,政党引领贯穿始终,并结合所在国的具体情况,在政治建设、经济发展、风险防范化解等不同方面开展了各具特色的现代化实践,在不同维度探索出多种类型。通过对比发现,后发现代化国家的主导政党必须重视自身建设、构建现代政权组织形式、坚持独立自主的经济战略和有效防范化解风险,从而有力助推国家现代化进程。

The majority of countries worldwide are in the process of modernization.Due to the unique national conditions and international environment of developing countries,the prevalent paradigms of“Social-Centrism”and“State-Centrism”often exhibit shortcomings in the modernization process of these nations.Conversely,the paradigm of“Party-Centrism”demonstrates advantages in the modernization of late developers.As significant forces guiding and propelling the modernization process,political parties in late developers have explored a modernization model characterized by“Party Leadership,Dual-Wing Development,and System Stability,”achieving remarkable success.Throughout the operation of this model,party leadership is always present.Combined with the specific circumstances of each country,political parties have conducted distinctive modernization practices in areas such as political construction,economic development,and risk prevention and resolution,exploring various types in different dimensions.Through comparison,it is found that the leading political parties of latecomer countries must pay attention to their own construction,build modern government organizational forms,adhere to an independent and self-reliant economic strategy,and effectively prevent and mitigate risks,so as to effectively promote the country’s modernization process.