马克思恩格斯城市空间理论的政治哲学意蕴及其现实启示

The Political Philosophical Implication and Practical Enlightenment of Marx and Engels’Urban Space Theory

通过对资本主义社会的整体性考量,马克思和恩格斯将城市空间纳入唯物主义的整体性视野,认为资本逻辑与城市空间具有紧密的关系,资本逻辑所秉持的普遍物化关系与其固有的剥削属性不断形塑着城市空间的面貌,使城市空间呈现资本化和等级化,城市中空间拜物教盛行。资本逻辑对城市空间的形塑潜在意涵着资本对劳动的统摄,以及劳资空间占有的不均衡,体现着最复杂的社会关系和最隐蔽的剥削关系。从对现实城市空间问题的深入批判到对未来理想空间形式和制度形态的科学构想,马克思和恩格斯旨在建构一种回应空间压迫的空间政治哲学话语叙事,即充分激发工人变革现存空间的革命意识,以工人被规训的身体空间为空间革命的基本单元,通过自由人联合的空间实现空间正义,实现人的自由全面发展。今天,马克思和恩格斯的城市空间理论仍具有丰富的价值意蕴,是推进城市空间变革、构建美好城市空间的科学理论指南。

Through holistic consideration of capitalist society,Marx and Engels incorporated urban space into holistic vision of materialism,believing that capital logic has a close relationship with urban space,and that the universal materialization relationship held by capital logic and its inherent exploitative attributes constantly shape the appearance of urban space,which makes urban space capitalized and hierarchical and spatial fetishism prevail in cities.The formation of urban space by capital logic potentially implies the control of capital over labor and the imbalance of labor-capital space,which reflects the most complex social relations and the most hidden exploitation relations.From the in-depth criticism of real urban space problems to the scientific conception of ideal space forms and system forms in the future,Marx and Engels aimed to construct a discourse narrative of space political philosophy in response to space oppression,that is,to fully stimulate the revolutionary consciousness of workers to change the existing space,and to realize space justice and free and all-round development of man through the joint space of free people with disciplined body space of workers as the basic unit of space revolution.Today,the urban space theory of Marx and Engels still has rich value implications,and is a scientific theoretical guide to promote the change of urban space and to build a beautiful urban space.