木醋液的抑菌活性及其对连作番茄根际土壤微环境生态的影响

Antibacterial activity of wood vinegar and its effect on microecology in rhizospheres of tomatoes under continuous cropping system

为探索木醋液对番茄根际土壤微生态的作用,以番茄为供试材料,连续3 a常规种植于相同田块,设置木醋液稀释300倍(A)、稀释600倍(B)、稀释900倍(C)处理,以无菌去离子水为对照(CK),探究不同稀释度木醋液的抑菌活性及其对连作番茄植株根系生长、根际土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响。结果显示:不同稀释度木醋液对青枯病菌和枯萎病菌均具有显著的抑制作用;3种稀释度的木醋液中,稀释600倍的木醋液浇灌不仅有利于连作番茄根系的生长,而且有助于提高番茄连作根际土壤细菌和真菌的多样性;与对照(CK)相比,不同稀释度木醋液处理均不同程度地降低了放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)细菌的相对丰度,提高了酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)细菌以及子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、新赤壳属(Neocosmospora)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、青霉属(Penicilli⁃um)、木霉属(Trichoderma)、毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)和镰刀菌属(Fusarium)真菌等有益微生物的相对丰度。结果表明,木醋液具有显著抑制番茄青枯病及枯萎病病原微生物的作用,浇灌稀释木醋液有利于连作番茄根系生长,改善连作番茄根际土壤微环境生态的作用;其中,以稀释600倍(B)木醋液的改良效果最佳。

Tomatoes were routinely planted in the same field for 3 consecutive years.Using sterile deionized water(CK)as a control,and wood vinegar diluted by 300 times(A),600 times(B),and 900 times(C).The antibacterial activity of wood vinegar with different dilutions and its effect on the root growth and the structure of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of tomato under continuous cropping system were studied to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the sustainable development of the tomato industry using wood vinegar.The results showed that the antibacterial activities of wood vinegars with different dilution significantly inhibited pathogens of bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt.Among the wood vinegars with three dilutions,irrigation with wood vinegar diluted by 600 times was not only beneficial to the growth of the roots,but also helped to improve the diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere of tomato under continuous cropping system.Compared with the control(CK),wood vinegars with different dilutions reduced the relative abundance of Actinobacteria to varying degrees,and increased the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms including Acidobacter,Ascomycota,Neocospora,Aspergillus,Penicillium,Trichoderma,Chaetomium,Trichoderma and Fusarium.It is indicated that wood vinegar has a significant inhibitory effect on the pathogenic microorganisms of tomato bacterial wilt and fusarium wilt.Irrigation with diluted wood vinegar is beneficial to the root growth of tomato and improves the microecology of the rhizosphere of tomato under continuous cropping system.Among them,the improvement effect of wood vinegar diluted by 600 times(B)was the best.