转移性收入促进了农村居民消费结构升级吗?

Does Transfer Income Promote the Upgrading of Rural Residents’Consumption Structure?

农村居民消费结构升级对于扩大内需、增强国内大循环的内生动力和可靠性具有重要意义。基于2000-2019年省级面板数据,依据常相对风险规避效用函数理论和马斯洛需求层次理论揭示转移性收入对农村居民消费结构升级的影响及其机理,并进一步分析转移性收入对缩小消费结构升级差距的作用。研究发现:每增加1%的转移性收入,农村居民发展享受型消费占总消费的比重将提高2.6%,并且随着农村居民可支配收入的提高,转移性收入对于农村居民消费结构升级程度的影响效应逐渐减弱;转移性收入主要是通过降低农村居民的食品消费支出占比、提高教育文化娱乐消费支出占比和医疗保健消费支出占比的方式来促进农村居民消费结构升级的程度;转移性收入缩小了不同收入水平和不同地区间的农村居民消费结构升级程度的差距,尤其对于中低收入和中西部的农村居民作用明显。据此提出实施差异化的转移支付政策、强化弱势群体帮扶措施、拓展农村居民消费供给等促进农村居民消费结构升级等政策建议。

The upgrading of the consumption structure of rural residents holds significant importance for expanding domestic demand and enhancing the endogenous driving force and reliability of the domestic circulation.Based on provincial panel data from 2000 to 2019,this paper utilizes the theories of constant relative risk aversion utility function and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to examine the impact of transfer income on the upgrading of rural residents’consumption structure and its underlying mechanism.Furthermore,it analyzes the role of transfer income in narrowing the gap in consumption structure upgrading.The results show that for every 1%increase in transfer income,the proportion of rural residents’development-and-enjoyment-oriented consumption in total consumption will increase by 2.6%.Moreover,as rural residents’disposable income rises,the impact of transfer income on upgrading their consumption structure will gradually diminish.Transfer income promotes the upgrading of consumption structure mainly through the channels of reducing the share of household consumption expenditure on food,increasing the share of consumption expenditure on education,culture and recreation,and increasing the share of expenditure on health care and medical services.Moreover,transfer income helps to reduce the disparity in the degree of upgrading of consumption structure upgrading among rural residents with different income levels and in different regions,particularly benefiting those with low to medium incomes and those residing in the central and western regions.Therefore,this article proposes policy recommendations such as implementing differentiated transfer payment policies,strengthening support measures for vulnerable groups,and expanding the supply of rural residents’consumption to promote the upgrading of their consumption structure.