从适应到自主:资本下乡背景下农业雇工管理模式变迁

From Adaptation to Autonomy:Changes in Agricultural Labor Management Patterns in the Context of Capital Influx into Rural Areas

下乡资本已成为我国重要的农业经营主体,破解资本化农业经营过程中存在的雇工管理困境对推动乡村产业振兴具有重要意义。研究发现,资本化的农业经营方式与传统的小农农业生产体系之间存在张力,使得资本主体在下乡初期会遭遇雇工管理困境,此时资本主体必须通过适应性自我改造才能实现入场。但当资本深度参与农业经营后,会从生产者属性、生产方式、生产关系和外部社会结构等多个方面改造农业生产体系,使之适配资本化的农业经营方式,进而化解资本主体的雇工管理困境。研究认为,随着资本下乡参与农业经营的程度不断加深,我国农业生产领域将逐渐适应资本化的经营方式。

Capital going to the rural areas has become an important agricultural management entity and the study of the employment management practice of capital entities is of great significance to understand the future trend of China’s agricultural development.The field study found that the long-term history of smallholder agricultural management has formed a set of corresponding smallholder agricultural production system in China’s rural society.In the early stage of capital going to the countryside,there is a tension between the capitalized agricultural management mode and the small-scale agricultural production system.This often leads to difficulties in labor management for capital entities and they must undergo adaptive self-transformation to enter the market.However,the participation of capital in agricultural management often transforms the agricultural production system from multiple dimensions such as producer attribute,productivity level,nature of production relations and external social structure,making it compatible with capital-intensive agricultural management.Therefore,the difficulties of capital entities in labor management will be resolved.Based on this,the study believes that the employment management dilemma faced by some rural capital is only temporary.With the promotion of capital to the transformation process of agricultural production system,the capital entities will gradually gain“autonomy”in employment management activities.