2006—2020年江门市新报告职业性尘肺病发病特征和变化趋势

Characteristics and trends of newly reported cases of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jiangmen City,2006—2020

目的分析江门市2006—2020年新报告职业性尘肺病发病特征和变化趋势,为制定本市职业性尘肺病防治策略提供科学依据。方法通过“职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”收集、整理江门市2006—2020年职业性尘肺病报告卡资料,对其流行病学特征和变化趋势进行分析。结果江门市2006—2020年新报告职业性尘肺病185例,以壹期尘肺病为主(107例,占57.84%),新报告职业性尘肺病呈现波浪式先上升后平稳下降的趋势,2020年恢复至2014年同等水平。病种以矽肺为主(128例,占69.19%)、陶工尘肺(21例,占11.35%)和其他尘肺(20例,占10.81%)为辅。新报告病例以男性为主(181例,占97.84%),发病年龄为(45.24±8.61)岁,不同期别尘肺的平均发病年龄之间差异有统计学意义(F=5.51,P<0.05),发病年龄呈随年份的增加而增加的趋势(R2=0.032;F=6.12,P<0.05;t=2.47,P<0.05)。尘肺发病接尘工龄M(P25~P75)为7.08(4.29~12.04)年,接尘工龄不足5年的新发尘肺病占比从2016年起逐年大幅下降,到2019年未发现接尘工龄不足5年的新发尘肺病。尘肺病新发病例分布于全市3区4市,以开平市和鹤山市为主(共105例,占56.76%);企业分布集中在中、小型企业(共160例,占86.49%),私有经济类型企业(156例,占84.32%);非金属矿物制品业(111例,占60.00%)。26.56%的企业(17/64)发生2例及以上的尘肺病,病例数最多的1家企业合计出现46例新报告职业性尘肺病。结论江门市2006—2020年新报告职业性尘肺病以矽肺为主,具有一定的企业、人群聚集性特征。建议继续做好尘肺病的防治工作,特别是加强对非金属矿物制品业,中小型企业,私有经济类型企业的尘肺病防治。

Objective To analyze the characteristics and the trends of newly reported occupational pneumoconiosis cases in Jiangmen City from 2006 to 2020,and provide the basis for prevention and treatment of occupational pneumoconiosis.Methods Datum of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jiangmen City from 2006 to 2020 were retrieved from the National In-formation Surveillance System for Occupational Disease and Occupational Health,and the datum were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and the changing trends.Results A total of 185 newly reported cases of occupational pneu-moconiosis were reported in Jiangmen City from 2006 to 2020,107 cases(57.84%)were stageⅠpneumoconiosis.The number of occupational pneumoconiosis cases reported showed a wavelike trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing steadily,and finally returned to the level of 2014 in 2020.Among 185 cases,silicosis(128 cases,69.19%)patients were dominant,together with pottery workers pneumoconiosis(21 cases,11.35%)and other pneumoconiosis(20 cases,10.81%)patients.In addition,97.84%of the newly reported cases were male(181 cases)and the median onset age was(45.24±8.61)years old and showed an increasing trend(R2=0.032;F=6.12,P<0.05;t=2.47,P<0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the age of onset of pneumoconiosis across different stages(F=5.51,P<0.05).The medi-an length service of dust exposure was 7.08(25th-75th percentile,4.29-12.04)years.The proportion of length of service dust exposure less than 5 years had decreased significantly since 2016 and no new cases were found in 2019.The new cases of pneumoconiosis were distributed among the three districts and four county-level cities.They were mainly distributed and concentrated in Kaiping City and Heshan City,accounting for 56.76%(105/185).The cases were mainly distributed in small and medium-sized enterprises(160 cases,86.49%),private economic enterprises(156 cases,84.32%)and nonmetallic mineral products enterprises(111 cases,60.00%).There were 26.56%(17/64)of the enterprises reporting two or more cases,The enterprise with the highest number of cases reported a total of 46 new cases of occupational pneumoconio-sis.Conclusion Occupational pneumoconiosis in Jiangmen City is mainly composed of silicosis,which has certain charac-teristic of enterprise and crowd aggregation.We should maintain our efforts in the prevention and control of pneumoconiosis.The prevention and control of pneumoconiosis should be enhanced in non-metallic mineral products,private enterprises,small and medium-scale enterprises.