2020年肇庆市中小学生营养状况及影响因素

Nutritional status and associated factors in primary and secondary school students in Zhaoqing,2020

目的调查肇庆市中小学生营养状况和相关影响因素,为改善当地中小学生营养状况及制定科学有效的营养干预措施提供理论依据。方法根据2019年全国学生常见病和健康影响因素监测与干预工作方案,选取肇庆市城区及乡镇13所中小学共3415人进行体检和问卷调查。结果营养不良、超重和肥胖检出率分别为15.90%、9.00%、6.10%;中小学生的营养状况在性别、区域、学段间差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=136.95、13.68、112.86,均P<0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,营养不良在学段间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),小学生肥胖的检出率高于中学生;相对于每天吃油炸食物的学生,不吃或少吃的学生发生肥胖的危险性低,不吃甜食比经常吃甜食发生肥胖风险高。结论营养不良与肥胖、超重问题较严重,男生、小学生问题尤其突出;乡镇学生营养不良、城区学生超重肥胖问题突出,需制定有针对性的措施,持续加强宣传教育,形成齐抓共管的良好局面。

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and associated factors in primary and secondary school students in Zhaoqing,providing theoretical evidence for improving the nutritional status of these students in the city,and for develo-ping scientific and effective nutritional interventions.Methods A total of 3415 students from 13 primary and secondary schools in Zhaoqing’s urban and township areas were selected for physical examination and questionnaire survey according to the National Surveillance and Intervention Plan for Common Diseases and Health Associated Factors among Students 2019.Results The detection rates of malnutrition,overweight and obesity were 15.90%,9.00%,and 6.10%,respectively.There was significant sex-specific difference in the nutritional status of these students(χ^(2)=136.95,P<0.05).Students from urban areas had significantly different nutritional status compared with those from township areas(χ^(2)=13.68,P<0.05).Primary and secondary school students had significantly different nutritional status(χ^(2)=112.86,P<0.05).Mul-tiple logistic regression analysis showed that there was no notable difference in malnutrition prevalence between primary and secondary school students(P>0.05).The obesity prevalence in primary school students was higher than that of secondary school students.Compared with students who ate fried food every day,those who ate little or no fried food had a lower risk of obesity.And students who did not eat sweets had a higher risk of obesity than those who ate sweets frequently.Conclusion The health problems of malnutrition,obesity and overweight are serious in these students in general,which are even more serious in boys or primary school students.Malnutrition is a prominent health problem in students from township areas,while overweight is a prominent health problem in those from urban areas.It is suggested to formulate targeted interventions,continuously strengthen relevant publicity and education,and develop a sound situation of joint management of these prob-lems by parents,schools and education departments via enhancing their awareness levels.