富产化学品的绿色高效石油碱催化新技术

BASE CATALYTIC TECHNOLOGY FOR LOW CARBON ANDEFFICIENT PETROLEUM PROCESSING WITHENHANCED CHEMICAL PRODUCTION

近年来,碱催化技术和原油直接制化学品技术越来越受到人们的关注。本文报道中国海洋石油集团有限公司开发的原油直接催化转化制化学品(DPC)碱催化技术,包括催化剂性能、工业试验效果、碱催化技术与分子筛酸催化技术的比较以及碱催化反应特点、反应机理等。DPC碱催化技术开发的关键是在发现可大幅减少焦炭和干气产率的催化新材料基础上,合成制备出高水热稳定性的介孔材料及具有高碱活性稳定性的碱催化剂,并开发出配套的反应-再生新工艺。处理劣质重油原料时,DPC技术比延迟焦化技术和催化裂化(FCC)技术更具优势,而与处理常压渣油或减压渣油的加氢处理工艺,即常压渣油加氢脱硫(ARDS)或减压渣油加氢脱硫(VRDS)技术相比,DPC技术也具有更多的优势。DPC技术在大幅降低干气和焦炭产率的同时,还能大幅提高化学品收率,是目前唯一适用于原油、蜡油、常压渣油、减压渣油、油砂沥青等各类原料的新技术。经初步证实,DPC碱催化技术遵循负碳离子反应机理,几乎不发生氢转移和芳烃缩合反应,但也表现出一定的裂解和异构化反应能力,是当前对用分子筛固体酸催化处理重油技术的颠覆性技术,可以取代延迟焦化、FCC、ARDS或VRDS工艺,为原油直接制化学品提供理论与技术指导、支撑与引领。

Base catalytic technology and converting crude oil to chemicals is getting more attention recently.In this paper,CNOOC DPC(Direct Petroleum Cut to Chemicals&Materials)base catalytic technology was thoroughly reported for the first-time including catalyst properties,industrial experiment performances,comparison of base catalytic technology and acid catalytic technology,and reaction characteristics and mechanisms.The key of DPC basic catalysis technology is to synthesize mesoporous materials with high hydrothermal stability and base catalyst with high base activity stability on the basis of the discovery of new catalytic materials that can greatly reduce the yields of coke and dry gas,and develop a new intensified reaction-regeneration catalytic process.The DPC base catalysis process has more advantages than delayed coking(DC)process and fluid catalytic cracking(FCC)technology in terms of processing heavy oil and inferior feedstock.Furthermore,the DPC base catalysis process also has more advantages than heavy oil atmospheric residue or vacuum residue hydrotreating process such as atmospheric residue desulfurization(ARDS)and vacuum residue desulfurization(VRDS)technologies.DPC technology leads to a much higher chemical yield,lower dry gas yield and coke formation.It is the only technology in petrochemical industry that is suitable for various types of feedstocks such as crude oil,vacuum gas oil,atmospheric residue,vacuum residue,and oil sands bitumen.It was preliminarily confirmed that the DPC base catalysis technology followed the reaction mechanism of carbanion,and almost did not occur hydrogen transfer and aromatic condensation reaction.However,it also showed a certain ability of cracking and isomerization reaction.It is a subversive technology of the current catalytic treatment of heavy oil with molecular sieve solid acid,which can replace DC,FCC,ARDS and VRDS processes,and provide theoretical and technical guidance,support and guidance for the direct production of chemicals from crude oil.