基于FDS的锂离子电池柜火灾数值模拟

Fire numerical simulation of lithium-ion battery cabinet based on FDS

当前关于锂离子电池热失控及燃烧行为的研究成果多集中于小容量的圆柱形锂离子电池,较少关注于轨道车辆或是电动汽车使用的大容量锂离子电池或电池柜。文章利用火灾动力学模拟(FDS)软件对轨道车辆使用的某型磷酸铁锂电池柜进行火灾仿真,探究电池柜内单电芯热失控燃烧后的火灾发展情况,验证电池柜内无源感温传感器及有源感温、感烟复合传感器的有效性。仿真结果表明:电池柜无源感温传感器的设计位置合理,传感器符合设计标准;有源感温、感烟复合传感器中的感烟传感器报警时间较晚,应适当降低其CO报警质量浓度值。

Previous research on thermal runaway and combustion behavior of lithium-ion batteries mainly focused on small-capacity cylindrical lithium-ion batteries,and less on large-capacity lithium-ion batteries or battery cabinets used in rail vehicles or electric vehicles.In this paper,the fire dynamics simulation(FDS)software is used to simulate the fire of a certain type of lithium iron phosphate battery cabinet used by rail vehicles,to explore the development of the fire after the thermal runaway of a single cell in the battery cabinet,and to verify the effectiveness of passive temperature sensor and active temperature and smoke composite sensor in the battery cabinet.The simulation results show that the design position of the passive temperature sensor in the battery cabinet is rational and the sensor meets the design standard.The smoke sensor in the active temperature and smoke composite sensor alarms later,and the alarm value of CO mass concentration should be lowered appropriately.