流动视域下宝卷文献的校勘——基于《五圣宝卷》校勘实践的思考

The Collation of Scroll Documents in the View of Flow:Reflections on the Practice of Collating the Five Sacred Freasure Scrolls

民俗语境下,宝卷文献以抄写为主要流传方式,呈现出“文无定本”的流动性,从而产生“一卷多版”“讹脱衍乙”“经典性缺失”等多重问题,为宝卷的校勘整理带来了重大挑战。《五圣宝卷》作为吴方言区至今流传的“活态”宝卷,是“文无定本”的流动性宝卷文献的典型代表。对于这类文献的校勘,通常选择以“校法四例”为主要代表的传统古籍校勘方法。传统校勘方法对于同为“写本”的宝卷文献的校勘具有指导意义,却又因宝卷的文体特征展现出了不适配性。因此,要做好流动性宝卷文献的校勘工作,必须坚持“一版便还一版面貌”的原则,优先使用“校法四例”;同时,又要注意各法界限,协调配合运用,并以风俗习惯、宗教信仰、民众心理、历史文化等为校勘的辅助参照,最后形成“底本附校勘记”的校勘成果。

In the context of folk customs,the main method of transmission of precious scrolls is through copying,presenting a fluidity of‘text resting at no fixed version’,and resulting,as a result,in multiple problems such as‘multiple versions of a single text’,‘false derivations of the second text’,and‘loss of classical sources’,all of which pose significant challenges to the collation and organization of precious scrolls.As a‘living’treasure scroll that has been circulating in the Wu dialect area to this day,the Five Sacred Treasure Scrolls typically represents the mobile treasure scroll literature with no fixed text.For the collation of such literature,the traditional method employed in ancient book collation commonly referred to as the‘four examples of proofreading’is usually followed.While it significantly guides the collation of precious literature as‘written texts’,this method is short of compatibility due to the stylistic features enjoyed by such literature.Therefore,in order to do a good job in the collation of such literature in the flow,it is necessary to adhere to the principle of‘restoring the source text as it is’by prioritizing the use of‘four examples of proofreading’.At the same time,it is necessary to comprehensively apply the various methodologies to the degree that they fit while paying attention to their boundaries.Parameters such as customs,religious beliefs,public psychology,history and culture are also recommended as auxiliary references for proofreading,so as to achieve,ultimately,the production of‘restored texts attached with proofreading notes’.