新型冠状病毒感染疫情下在校医学生手卫生知信行现状调查

Investigation on Knowledge-Attitude-Practice Current Situation of Hand Hygiene Among Medical Students in Universities Under COVID-19 Epidemic

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒感染疫情下在校医学生手卫生现状及影响因素。方法:2020年9—11月在21个专业中随机抽取护理学专业和针灸推拿学专业医学生,最终确定调查样本量为240份。以知信行模式为理论依据,设计《在校医学生手卫生知信行调查问卷》,问卷内容包括知识、态度和行为三个维度,22个条目,知识、态度和行为三个维度的Cronbach′sα系数分别为0.67、0.70、0.76,重测信度分别为0.74、0.85、0.67。对在校医学生进行手卫生知信行现状问卷调查,采用生物荧光监测法测量手部菌落,采用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行描述和分析。结果:本次调查共发放问卷240份,回收有效问卷232份,有效回收率为96.67%。232名在校医学生手卫生知识平均知晓率为76.73%,85.4%医学生认为通过自己的努力有信心做好手卫生,66%的在校医学生认为自己手卫生做得好或很好。在校医学生手卫生后手部菌落值为(52.36±55.08),手卫生达标率为41.81%。专业、手卫生培训内容和手卫生自我效能3个变量与手卫生均落值成共线性关系,共解释变异度的35.8%(t=-2.714~2.804,P=0.005~0.028.R^(2)=0.358,F=11.206,P=0.000<0.05)。结论:在校医学生手卫生知晓率和自我效能较高,但手卫生达标率不容乐观,护理专业、接受过手卫生培训和手卫生自我效能高者依从率高,可从转变学生的信念入手,进行教育和强化,促使学生养成良好的手卫生行为习惯。

Objective:To explore the current situation and influencing factors of hand hygiene of medical students in universities under the epidemic of COVID-19.Methods:A total of 240 medical students in school majoring in nursing and acupuncture and moxibustion and massage were randomly selected from 21 majors in a university from September 2020 to November 2020,and the final sample size was 240.Based on the knowledge-attitude-practice model,the KAP Questionnaire for Medical Students on Hand Hygiene was designed.The questionnaire included three dimensions:knowledge,attitude and behavior,with 22 items.The Cronbach′s α coefficients of knowledge,attitude and behavior were 0.67,0.70,and 0.76 respectively,and the test-retest reliability were 0.74,0.85,and 0.67 respectively.A questionnaire survey was conducted on hand hygiene knowledge,attitude,and practice among medical students in school.The biofluorescence monitoring method was used to measure the hand flora,and SPSS 19.0 software was used to describe and analyze the data.Results:A total of 240 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,and 232 valid questionnaires were recovered,with an effective recovery rate of 96.67%.The average awareness rate of hand hygiene knowledge of 232 medical students was 76.73%;85.4% of the medical students believed that they were confident to do a good job of hand hygiene through their own efforts;66% of the medical students thought that their hand hygiene was good or very good.The hand flora value of medical students after hand hygiene was(52.36±55.08),and the rate of hand hygiene compliance was 41.81%.The three variables of major,hand hygiene training content and hand hygiene self-efficacy were collinear with the falling value of hand hygiene,explaining 35.8% of the variance(t=-2.714~2.804,P=0.005~0.028.R^(2)=0.358,F=11.206,P=0.000<0.05).Conclusion:The awareness rate and self-efficacy of hand hygiene of medical students in universities are high,but the rate of hand hygiene compliance is not optimistic.The compliance rate of nursing major,hand hygiene training and high hand hygiene self-efficacy is high.Therefore,it is necessary to start from the transformation of students′ beliefs,education and reinforcement,and promote students to develop good hand hygiene habits.