“史皆档案”:沈兼士的史料观探研

“History is Archives”: On Shen Jianshi’s Historical Data Thought

沈兼士是近代著名文字学家与档案学家,不以史学闻世,但作为北京大学研究所国学门主任、故宫博物院文献馆馆长先后领导了这两个学术机构的清代内阁大库档案抢救、发掘与整理,并在大量整理档案的实践基础上提出“史皆档案”,扩充史料以及档案的完全公开,并用多学科交叉的方法研究档案,用档案整理训练史学人才等。在上述史料观的指导下,清代内阁大库档案的整理与公布不仅为创建时期的清史学奠定了扎实的史料基础,培养了清史学研究的中坚力量,同时倡导了清史学建立在档案基础上的研究理路。沈兼士的史料观体现出中国近代史学转型时期史料观念的变化,有力促动了史学的科学化进程。

Shen Jianshi was a famous linguist and scholars on archives in modern China.Though he is not famous for researching on history,he had been the director of department of Chinese Ancient Civilization Studies of Institute of Peiking University and of archives of the Palace Museum,and had been in charge of the rescue,excavation and collation of the archives of the Qing Cabinet in the two institutes.He put forward the theory of“history is archives”,opened archieves to the public and studied archives with scientific interdisciplinary methods,and used archives to train historical talents.These prompted the study of Qing historiography during the Chinese Republic Period,making the study become a research based on archives,and cultivated a number of scholars who research on history of Qing.Shen Jianshi’s historical data thought reflects the change of the concept of historical data in the transition of modern Chinese historiography,and scientizes historiography.