有益和有害动物:近代狩猎秩序的构建

The Beneficial and Harmful Animals:The Construction of Modern Hunting Order

近代社会把野生动物视为一种资源,认为无节制捕杀会导致野生动物资源枯竭。为了构建有节制的狩猎秩序、实现野生动物资源的永续利用,国家制定了有益和有害动物分类管理的制度,并通过学校与社会教育等方式,宣传普及有益和有害动物的相关知识。在狩猎的实践活动中,猎户以及从事野生动物皮毛贸易的商户追求野生动物的经济价值,城市有闲阶层着重于狩猎的精神价值,他们没有完全遵守野生动物管理制度,狩猎活动从总体上呈现无序化的特征。有节制的狩猎秩序虽然在近代并没有完全构建起来,但所展现的保护有益动物、有差别地对待有害动物的思想,在人与野生动物关系史上具有重要的价值。

In modern society wild animals were regarded as a resource,and people thought that uncontrolled hunting would lead to the depletion of wild animal resources.In order to establish a controlled hunting order and achieve the sustainable use of wild animals resources,the state had established a system of classified management of beneficial and harmful animals,and disseminated knowledge about beneficial and harmful animals through school and social education.In the practice of hunting,hunters and traders engaged in the trade of wild animal fur pursued the economic value of wild animals,the leisure class in cities focused on the spiritual value of hunting,they did not fully comply with the wild animals management system,hunting activities showed the characteristics of disorder in general.Although the controlled hunting order has not been established completely in modern times,the thought of protecting beneficial animals and treating harmful animals differently has important value in the history of the relationship between human and wild animals.