三种方法监测草地贪夜蛾在海南春玉米上种群动态分析

Three methods for analysing Spodoptera frugiperda population dynamics in spring maize crops in Hainan

【目的】为评价田间调查、性诱捕器和高空测报灯对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的监测效果。【方法】于2022年在海南省儋州市的春季玉米上调查田间幼虫的百株虫量,同时利用性诱捕器和高空测报灯对草地贪夜蛾成虫进行诱集,最后对这3种监测方法的结果进行比较分析。【结果】草地贪夜蛾幼虫在海南春玉米的整个生长期发生数量大,有两个高峰期,第一个高峰期出现在拔节期和大喇叭口期,高峰日虫量达140头,第二个高峰期出现在乳熟期,高峰日虫量达119头。性诱捕器的诱蛾动态也有两个明显的高峰期且基本与田间幼虫动态吻合,高峰日比田间动态滞后4-6d。高空测报灯在苗期、大喇叭口期和完熟期有3个小的高峰但高峰期不明显。回归分析表明性诱捕器的单次诱蛾数与田间单次调查数呈显著正相关(R^(2)=0.49,P<0.001)。【结论】田间调查的幼虫种群动态能够最直观反映草地贪夜蛾种群的发生情况,性诱捕器监测的草地贪夜蛾种群动态与田间调查的结果较为吻合,是较为理想的草地贪夜蛾田间种群监测方法,而高空测报灯可以监测到空中迁飞种群。3种监测方法应该合理配合使用才能对草地贪夜蛾的地面发生和空中迁飞进行有效监测。本研究可为草地贪夜蛾监测方法的选择提供科学参考。

[Objectives]To compare the effectiveness of field surveys,pheromone traps,and high-altitude reporting lamps for monitoring the population dynamics of the armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda in spring cornfields.[Methods]A field study to determine the per-plant larval density was conducted in 2022 in Danzhou,Hainan Province.Concurrently,adult armyworms were lured into traps using pheromone lures and high-altitude reporting lamps,and the results obtained from these three monitoring methods were then compared.[Results]The armyworm population experienced two population peaks during the corn growth cycle,the first during the jointing and trumpet mouth stages,when density reached up to 140 larvae per 100 plants,and the second during the milk stage when density was 119 larvae per 100 plants.Pheromone trapping data were closely aligned with the results of the field survey,although the population peaks occurred 4-6 days later.High-altitude reporting lamps detected three minor peaks during the seedling,whorl,and mature stages,but these were less distinct.Regression analysis revealed a significant positive correlation(R^(2)=0.49,P<0.001)between the number of adult armyworms caught in pheromone traps and the field survey counts.[Conclusion]Field surveys offer the most direct insights into armyworm population dynamics.Pheromone trap results were closely aligned with field survey data,and are therefore a good alternative for monitoring armyworm population dynamics.High-altitude reporting lamps are effective for tracking migrating populations.Utilizing a combination of these methods allows for comprehensive monitoring of both armyworm ground-level abundance and aerial migration patterns.