基于主语逻辑与谓语逻辑对形合与意合的反思

Reflection on Hypotaxis and Parataxis Based on Subject Logic and Predicate Logic

英语秉持亚里士多德哲学的主语逻辑,在表达上以主语为中心,讲究规则下的统一性和形式结构的完整性,追求以“有”示“无”。“英语重形合”是其底层主语逻辑及表音语言的特质使然。汉语秉持“生生”哲学的谓语逻辑,在表达上以谓语为中心,以语用为先,讲究运用时的妥当和妥当中的正确,“言”“象”“意”三位一体,追求“无”中生“有”。汉语以“象意合”为最高境界,具有简洁灵动、含蓄留白的审美情趣,“生生”哲学的谓语逻辑与表意语言的特征是其深层原因。“英语重形合,汉语重意合”的差异是相对的,产生这种差异的原因是各自秉持的哲学语言观不同,人类语言都是形和意的有机统一,应该辩证地理解、阐释形合与意合。

English language upholds the subject logic of Aristotle's philosophy.It focuses on the subject in expression,pays attention to the unity under the rules and the integrity of the formal structure,and pursues the“being”to show“nothing”.“English emphasis on hypotaxis”is due to the characteristics of its underlying subject logic and phonetic language.Chinese language upholds the predicate logic of the idea of“sheng-sheng”(life living).It takes predicate as the center in expression,pragmatics as the first,and pays attention to the appropriateness of application and the correctness of appropriateness.The trinity of“language”,“image”and“meaning”pursues“being”in“nothing”.The highest state of Chinese is“Xiang Yi He(the unification of image and meaning)”,which has the aesthetic taste of concise,flexible and implicit blank.The predicate logic of the idea of“sheng-sheng”and the characteristics of ideographic language are the profound reasons.In short,the difference between“English emphasizes hypotaxis and Chinese emphasizes parataxis”is relative.The reason for the difference is the different views of language in its philosophy.Human language is the organic unity of form and meaning.Hypotaxis and parataxis need to be interpreted and understood dialectically.