深圳市宝安区小学生健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Study on health literacy status and influencing factors among primary school students in Baoan district,Shenzhen city

目的了解深圳市宝安区小学生健康素养现状及影响因素,为制定小学生健康教育政策提供理论依据。方法于2021年1月,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取深圳市宝安区5所学校一至六年级的小学生及其家长2581名,利用自填式问卷调查方式对其进行健康素养调查,问卷内容包括调查对象基本情况、基本健康知识与理念、健康技能、健康生活方式与行为。结果深圳市宝安区小学生具备健康素养的比例为48.59%(1254/2581),基本健康知识与理念、健康技能、健康生活方式与行为3方面健康素养的具备率分别为53.20%(1373/2581)、60.98%(1574/2581)、63.81%(1647/2581)。小学生健康素养的影响因素包括年级(O R=1.24,95%CI:1.18~1.30,P<0.01)、父亲文化程度(O R=1.36,95%CI:1.12~1.64,P<0.01)、母亲文化程度(O R=1.40,95%CI:1.18~1.66,P<0.01)、父亲职业(医务人员O R=1.12,95%CI:0.64~1.97,P=0.69;公务员及除医务人员外其他事业单位O R=1.33,95%CI:0.99~1.79,P=0.05;企业人员O R=1.33,95%CI:1.09~1.63,P<0.01)、家长健康素养(O R=1.37,95%CI:1.15~1.64,P<0.01)和是否与父母同住(O R=0.42,95%CI:0.35~0.50,P<0.01)。结论深圳市宝安区小学生健康素养水平有待提高,年级、父母文化程度、父母职业、家长健康素养和与父母同住是影响小学生健康素养的因素。

Objective To understand the status of health literacy among primary school students and the influencing factors in Bao'an district,Shenzhen city,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of health education policies for primary school students.Methods In January 2021,2581 primary school students and their parents in grades 1 to 6 from 5 schools in Bao'an district,Shenzhen city were selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method to conduct a health literacy survey using a self-administered questionnaire,which included basic information about the respondents,basic health knowledge and concepts,health skills,and healthy lifestyles and behaviors.Results The overall health literacy level of primary school students in Baoan district was 48.59%(1254/2581),the rates of basic health knowledge and concepts,health skills,and healthy lifestyle and behavior of health literacy were 53.20%(1373/2581),60.98%(1574/2581),and 63.81%(1647/2581),respectively.The main influencing factors were:the grade(OR=1.24,95%CI=1.18-1.30,P<0.01),father's educational level(OR=1.36,95%CI=1.12-1.64,P<0.01),mother's educational level(OR=1.40,95%CI=1.18-1.66,P<0.01),father's occupation(medical personnel OR=1.12,95%CI=0.64-1.97,P=0.69,civil servant except the medical personnel OR=1.33,95%CI=0.99-1.79,P=0.05,enterprise personnel OR=1.33,95%CI=1.09-1.63,P<0.01),parents'health literacy(OR=1.37,95%CI=1.15-1.64,P<0.01)and whether to live with parents or not(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.35-0.50,P<0.01).Conclusion The overall health literacy level of primary school students in Baoan district,Shenzhen city has to be further improved according to the influencing factors.Grade,parental education level,parental occupation,parental health literacy,and living with parents are factors that affect primary school students'health literacy.