2020-2022年济南市历城区食品重金属含量分析

Analysis on heavy metal content in food in Licheng district,Jinan city from 2020 to 2022

目的分析2020-2022年济南市历城区食品中的重金属含量,了解济南市历城区食品重金属污染状况,为食品安全风险评估和采取针对性控制措施提供科学依据。方法按照《国家食品污染和有害因素风险监测工作手册》的具体要求并结合食品种类及分布特征,从2020-2022年济南市历城区的各大超市、农贸市场、乡镇集市、零售商店采集9类食品共计180份,包括蔬菜(叶类和根茎类)、水果、粮食、面制品、膨化食品、茶叶、干制菌类产品、干制水产品、水产品,进行铅、镉、铝、总砷、总汞、镍、铬、锰共8种重金属元素的检测,并对检测结果进行分析。结果8种重金属元素的检出率在16%~100%,其中165份食品检测了铝元素,检出129份,检出率为78.2%;180份食品检测了镉元素,检出114份,检出率为63.3%;铝、镉元素的检出率高于其他重金属元素(χ^(2)=12.86,P=0.005)。加工类水产品和干制菌类产品铅、镉、铝、总砷、总汞元素的检出率高于其他类食品(χ^(2)=31.39,P=0.003)。干制菌类产品镉超标2份(6.66%);油条和海蜇中的铝元素各有2份样品超标,超标率分别为7.40%、12.5%;食品总体合格率为96.7%(174/180)。2020到2022年食品重金属元素的总体检出率、超标率呈下降趋势,整体的合格率呈上升趋势(检出率由69.3%降至38.8%,超标率由1.34%降至0%,合格率由98.6%上升至100%)。结论2020-2022年济南市历城区食品重金属污染状况总体良好,加工类水产品、干制菌类食品中重金属含量的检出率、超标率高于其他产品。

Objective To analyze the content of heavy metals in food products in Licheng district,Jinan city from 2020 to 2022,and to understand the situation of heavy metal contamination in food products,so as to provide scientific basis for the risk assessment of food safety and the adoption of targeted control measures.Methods According to the specific requirements of the“National Food Pollution and Harmful Factors Risk Monitoring Work Manual”and combined with the food types and distribution characteristics of the district,a total of 180 samples of 9 types of food were collected from major supermarkets,farmers′markets,town fairs and retail stores in the urban area from 2020 to 2022,including vegetables(leaves and roots),fruit,grain,flour products,puffed food,tea,dried fungus products,dried aquatic products,aquatic products,and were tested for a total of 8 heavy metal elements including Pb,Cd,Al,As(total),Hg(total),Ni,Cr and Mn,the detection results were analyzed.Results The detection rate of 8 heavy metal elements was 16%to 100%,129 of 165 aluminum elements were detected,the detection rate was 78.2%,and 114 of 180 cadmium elements were detected,with a detection rate of 63.3%,and the detection rate of aluminum and cadmium elements was higher than that of other heavy metal elements(χ^(2)=12.86,P=0.005);The detection rates of lead,cadmium,aluminum,total arsenic and total mercury in processed aquatic products and dried mushroom products were much higher than those in other types of food(χ^(2)=31.39,P=0.003).Two samples of aluminum in fritters and jellyfish exceeded the standard,with the excess rates of 7.4%and 12.5%,respectively.The overall pass rate of food was above 96%(174/180).From 2020 to 2022,the overall detection rate and excess rate of heavy metal elements in food showed a downward trend,and the overall pass rate showed an upward trend(the detection rate decreased from 69.3%to 38.8%,the excess rate decreased from 1.34%to 0.00%,and the pass rate increased from 98.6%to 100%).Conclusion The overall situation of heavy metal contamination in food products in Licheng district,Jinan city from 2020 to 2022 is good,and the detection and exceedance rates of heavy metal in processed aquatic products and dried mushroom foods are higher than those of other products.