高速公路建设施工工人安全意识仿真研究

A Simulation Study on Safety Awareness of Highway Construction Workers

研究高速公路建设施工工人安全意识的动态变化规律,以减少高速公路施工安全事故。基于安全人机工程学提取了16个高速公路建设施工工人安全意识影响因素;运用结构方程模型(SEM)验证影响因素之间的关系,通过影响因素及子系统的归一化路径系数计算权重确定施工工人安全意识系统动力学模型(SD)参数;运用Vensim PLE对模型进行仿真。研究结果表明:在初始状态下,施工工人安全意识水平呈现先上升后急速下降的两个阶段;3种干预方案中,干预效果从强到弱分别为:组织管理水平提升20%>不安全施工环境降低20%>个人特质水平提升20%。研究成果可有效提升公路建设一线工人安全意识,为降低高速公路施工事故提供可行性方案,并对其他种类工程施工工人的安全意识研究提供参考。

This paper aims to study the dynamic change law of safety awareness of highway construction workers and reduce highway construction safety accidents.Firstly,the influencing factors of safety awareness of 16 highway construction workers are extracted based on safety ergonomics.Secondly,the structural equation model(SEM)is used to verify the relationship between the influencing factors,and the dynamic model(SD)parameters of the construction workers'safety awareness system are determined by calculating the weights of the normalized path coefficients of the influencing factors and subsystems.Finally,Vensim PLE is used to simulate the model.The results show that in the initial state,the level of safety awareness of construction workers shows two stages of rising and then falling sharply.Among the three intervention schemes,the intervention effect from strong to weak was:the level of organization and management increased by 20%>the unsafe construction environment decreased by 20%>the level of personal characteristics increased by 20%.The research results can effectively improve the safety awareness of front-line workers in highway construction and provide feasible solutions for reducing highway construction accidents.