基于“基期能耗-影响因素”法的节能量计算方法及案例分析

Energy Saving Calculation Method and Case Analysis Based on the “Base Period Energy Consumption-Influencing Factors” Method

在中央空调系统能源服务过程中,节能量测定和计算是服务效果评价及收益衡量的重要节点。基于计算合同能源管理项目节能量的“基期能耗-影响因素”方法,重点分析了影响中央空调系统能耗的系统负荷和运行效率影响因素,将系统负荷因素再进一步划分为可忽略因素、规律性因素和随机性因素三类;将运行效率影响因素分为不可改造因素和可改造因素两类。其中可改造因素是能源改造过程中的重点,规律性因素则是优化管理过程中的重点。针对重点因素对一个典型的办公楼实施节能改造和优化管理,并合理选取基期和统计报告期能耗数据分析了项目的节能率和节能效果。实施案例的基期数据表明三项因素能耗的变化规律明显,且热泵与用户泵在能耗中占主导地位,全年在79.92%~89.26%之间。在统计报告期2018年-2022年,总能耗节能率为8.87%~16.85%,节能效果明显。案例分析结果表明“基期能耗-影响因素”方法计算节能率方便快捷,并容易被实施合同能源管理的甲方采信,但受气候影响容易产生波动。

In the energy service process of the central air conditioning system, energy conservation measurement and calculation are important nodes for evaluating service effectiveness and measuring service revenue. Based on the “base period energy consumption-influencing factors” method for calculating the energy savings of contract energy management projects, this work focuses on analyzing the system load and operational efficiency factors that affect the energy consumption of central air conditioning systems. Further the system load factors are divided into three categories: negligible factors, regular factors, and random factors. The factors affecting operational efficiency can be divided into two categories: non modifiable factors and modifiable factors. Among them, modifiable factors are the key points in the energy transformation process, while regular factors are the key points in the optimization management process. The energy-saving retrofitting and optimized management are implemented on a typical office building based on key factors, and energy consumption data are selected reasonably for the base period and statistical reporting period to analyze the energy-saving rate and effectiveness of the project. The base period data of the implementation case shows that the changes in energy consumption of the three factors are obvious, and the heat pump and user pump dominate the energy consumption, ranging from 79.92% to 89.26% throughout the year. The “base period energy consumption-influencing factors” method is convenient and fast in calculating energy efficiency, and is easily accepted by Party A who implements contract energy management. However, this method is susceptible to climate fluctuations.